Biology unit 1 and 2 revision

Question 1

what is the function of the white blood cells

Answer 1

To kill bacteria which helps to fight infections

Question 2

What is the function of the red blood cells

Answer 2

to transport oxygen to the heart

Question 3

what is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 3

To make proteins

Question 4

what is the function of mitochondria

Answer 4

To produce the energy currency of the cell through respiration

Question 5

what is the function of the cell membrane

Answer 5

To protect the cell from its surroundings

Question 6

what is the function of the nucleus

Answer 6

To control the cells genetic material

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall

Answer 7

supports and strengthens plants, resists water pressure, controls cell growth, regulates metabolic processes for the plant,

Question 8

What does amylase break down starch into

Answer 8

sugars

Question 9

What molecule is an enzyme made from

Answer 9

protein

Question 10

What is the role of the enzymes in the digestive system

Answer 10

to break down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules

Question 11

what do lipases break down into

Answer 11

lipids and fats

Question 12

where is bile made

Answer 12

liver

Question 13

what is the role of the bile

Answer 13

it is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach

Question 14

two ways in which the small intestine is an effective exchange surface

Answer 14

it has a thin permeable membrane

there is a blood supply of capillaries

Question 15

what is the function of the xylem cells

Answer 15

xylem cells transport water and minerals to the leaves

Question 16

what is the function of the phloem cells

Answer 16

to transport organic substances made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant

Question 17

what is the function of the ribosomes

Answer 17

to provide protein

Question 18

what is transpiration

Answer 18

transpiration is where the water is absorbed by the root hair cells into the roots and onto the surface of the leaves

Question 19

where does gas exchange take place

Answer 19

in the alveoli

Question 20

oxygen moves from the air inside the lungs into the blood by the process of…

Answer 20

diffusion

Question 21

oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood through the walls of the…

Answer 21

capillaries

Question 22

two adaptations of the lungs that help with the rapid absorption of oxygen into the lungs…

Answer 22

large surface area

Question 23

name two substances that are absorbed through the roots of a plant

Answer 23

water and mineral ions

Question 24

by which process are mineral ions absorbed

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 25

what does the absorption of mineral ions require

Answer 25

it requires energy

Question 26

how is the root adapted for absorption

Answer 26

they have many root hairs which gives it a large surface area

Question 27

what is the function of the stomata

Answer 27

allow for the easy passage of water vapour, carbon dioxide and oxygen. they are crucial for photosynthesis as it requires plenty of carbon dioxide

Question 28

the changes in the composition of blood as it passes through the lungs

Answer 28

the concentration of oxygen is weaker going into the cell than leaving. carbon dioxide has a higher concentration going in than coming out. Concentration of oxygen increases and the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases.

Question 29

which parts of the blood transports the most carbon dioxide

Answer 29

plasma

Question 30

which part of the blood transports the most oxygen

Answer 30

red blood cells

Question 31

why do mountaineers bodies need oxygen

Answer 31

for respiration

Question 32

what are two necessary conditions for photosynthesis

Answer 32

chlorophyll light energy

Question 33

what is the function of the guard cells

Answer 33

they help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

Question 34

what is the function of the palisade cells

Answer 34

they absorb light so that photosynthesis can take place

Question 35

how do green plants use glucose

Answer 35

for respiration conversion to starch to keep warm

Question 36

what is translocation

Answer 36

the process by which phloem tissue transports substances made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. This transport is called translocation

Question 37

what is the circulatory system

Answer 37

it is the process by which blood is transported through the body and essential cells in the body by oxygen and glucose. the heart is the main organ that is made up of muscle cells that pumps blood around the body.

Question 38

where is the amylase enzyme produced

Answer 38

in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

Question 39

where is the protease produced

Answer 39

stomach, pancreas and small intestine

Question 40

where is the lipase enzyme produced

Answer 40

pancreas and small intestine

Question 41

what do lipases catalyse

Answer 41

Lipases catalyse the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

Question 42

what do proteases catalyse

Answer 42

Proteases catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine

Question 43

what do amylase enzymes catalyse

Answer 43

Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine

Question 44

where is bile produced

Answer 44

by the liver

Question 45

where is bile stored

Answer 45

it is stored in the gall bladder

Question 46

what conditions do the enzymes in the stomach work best in

Answer 46

acidic conditions -low PH

Question 47

when are most enzymes denatured

Answer 47

most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures

Question 48

what is the first stage of the circulatory system

Answer 48

deoxygenated blood is first pumped into the vena cava through the right atrium and right ventricle

Question 49

what is the second stage of the circulatory system

Answer 49

the deoxygenated blood is then taken back up the pulmonary artery which takes it to the lungs where it is turned oxygenated.

Question 50

what is the final stage of the circulatory system

Answer 50

The oxygenated blood then goes down the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium and into the left ventricle and back to the pulmonary vein again.

Question 51

where does gas exchange take place

Answer 51

in the alveoli

Question 52

how are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the small intestine

Answer 52

by osmosis

Question 53

name one food molecule absorbed into the epithelial cells by active transport

Answer 53

glucose

Question 54

why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport

Answer 54

from low to high concentration

Question 55

what is the stomach

Answer 55

an organ

Question 56

what are the cells lining the stomach

Answer 56

the tissue

Question 57

what are the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestine

Answer 57

organ systems

Question 58

oxygen moves into the blood to the cells lining the stomach by the process of...

Answer 58

diffusion

Question 59

in what part of the cell does aerobic respiration take place

Answer 59

mitochondria

Question 60

where does the pulmonary artery take the blood to

Answer 60

to the lungs

Question 61

which gender suffers more from coronary heart disease

Answer 61

females

Question 62

what can be used to treat people with coronary heart disease

Answer 62

stent and statins

Question 63

what is the equation for respiration

Answer 63

glucose + oxygen-carbon dioxide + water

Question 64

what is the equation for the rate of blood flow

Answer 64

cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rate

Question 65

what is the function of the ribcage

Answer 65

to protect the lungs

Question 66

which factors will affect the rate of diffusion

Answer 66

temperature a low temperature will limit the rate as the molecule will move less and therefore the reaction happens slower

Question 67

why do bile salts convert large fat droplets to small fat droplets

Answer 67

Bile salts which convert large fat droplets to small fat droplets – for a large surface area for the enzymes to act on.

Question 68

Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport

Answer 68

nitrate ions

Question 69

why do epithelial cells have many mitochondria

Answer 69

in order to provide energy for respiration- to respire

Question 70

what word is used to describe plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution

Answer 70

flaccid

Question 71

what word is used to describe plants placed in a hypotonic solution

Answer 71

turgid