Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cells > Biology unit 1 and 2 revision > Flashcards

Biology unit 1 and 2 revision Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the white blood cells

A

To kill bacteria which helps to fight infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the function of the red blood cells

A

to transport oxygen to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the function of the ribosomes

A

To make proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

To produce the energy currency of the cell through respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane

A

To protect the cell from its surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

To control the cells genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the cell wall

A

supports and strengthens plants, resists water pressure, controls cell growth, regulates metabolic processes for the plant,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does amylase break down starch into

A

sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What molecule is an enzyme made from

A

protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the role of the enzymes in the digestive system

A

to break down large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what do lipases break down into

A

lipids and fats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is bile made

A

liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the role of the bile

A

it is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

two ways in which the small intestine is an effective exchange surface

A

it has a thin permeable membrane

there is a blood supply of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of the xylem cells

A

xylem cells transport water and minerals to the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the phloem cells

A

to transport organic substances made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the ribosomes

A

to provide protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is transpiration

A

transpiration is where the water is absorbed by the root hair cells into the roots and onto the surface of the leaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

where does gas exchange take place

A

in the alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

oxygen moves from the air inside the lungs into the blood by the process of…

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

oxygen moves from the lungs into the blood through the walls of the…

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

two adaptations of the lungs that help with the rapid absorption of oxygen into the lungs…

A

large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name two substances that are absorbed through the roots of a plant

A

water and mineral ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

by which process are mineral ions absorbed

A

diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what does the absorption of mineral ions require

A

it requires energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how is the root adapted for absorption

A

they have many root hairs which gives it a large surface area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is the function of the stomata

A

allow for the easy passage of water vapour, carbon dioxide and oxygen. they are crucial for photosynthesis as it requires plenty of carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

the changes in the composition of blood as it passes through the lungs

A

the concentration of oxygen is weaker going into the cell than leaving. carbon dioxide has a higher concentration going in than coming out. Concentration of oxygen increases and the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

which parts of the blood transports the most carbon dioxide

A

plasma

30
Q

which part of the blood transports the most oxygen

A

red blood cells

31
Q

why do mountaineers bodies need oxygen

A

for respiration

32
Q

what are two necessary conditions for photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll

light energy

33
Q

what is the function of the guard cells

A

they help to regulate the rate of transpiration by opening and closing the stomata

34
Q

what is the function of the palisade cells

A

they absorb light so that photosynthesis can take place

35
Q

how do green plants use glucose

A

for respiration

conversion to starch

to keep warm

36
Q

what is translocation

A

the process by which phloem tissue transports substances made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. This transport is called translocation

37
Q

what is the circulatory system

A

it is the process by which blood is transported through the body and essential cells in the body by oxygen and glucose. the heart is the main organ that is made up of muscle cells that pumps blood around the body.

38
Q

where is the amylase enzyme produced

A

in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

39
Q

where is the protease produced

A

stomach, pancreas and small intestine

40
Q

where is the lipase enzyme produced

A

pancreas and small intestine

41
Q

what do lipases catalyse

A

Lipases catalyse the breakdown of fats and oils into fatty acids and glycerol in the small intestine

42
Q

what do proteases catalyse

A

Proteases catalyse the breakdown of proteins into amino acids in the stomach and small intestine

43
Q

what do amylase enzymes catalyse

A

Amylase catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars in the mouth and small intestine

44
Q

where is bile produced

A

by the liver

45
Q

where is bile stored

A

it is stored in the gall bladder

46
Q

what conditions do the enzymes in the stomach work best in

A

acidic conditions -low PH

47
Q

when are most enzymes denatured

A

most enzymes are denatured at high temperatures

48
Q

what is the first stage of the circulatory system

A

deoxygenated blood is first pumped into the vena cava through the right atrium and right ventricle

49
Q

what is the second stage of the circulatory system

A

the deoxygenated blood is then taken back up the pulmonary artery which takes it to the lungs where it is turned oxygenated.

50
Q

what is the final stage of the circulatory system

A

The oxygenated blood then goes down the pulmonary vein and enters the left atrium and into the left ventricle and back to the pulmonary vein again.

51
Q

where does gas exchange take place

A

in the alveoli

52
Q

how are most soluble food molecules absorbed into the epithelial cells of the small intestine

A

by osmosis

53
Q

name one food molecule absorbed into the epithelial cells by active transport

A

glucose

54
Q

why is it necessary to absorb some food molecules by active transport

A

from low to high concentration

55
Q

what is the stomach

A

an organ

56
Q

what are the cells lining the stomach

A

the tissue

57
Q

what are the mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small and large intestine

A

organ systems

58
Q

oxygen moves into the blood to the cells lining the stomach by the process of…

A

diffusion

59
Q

in what part of the cell does aerobic respiration take place

A

mitochondria

60
Q

where does the pulmonary artery take the blood to

A

to the lungs

61
Q

which gender suffers more from coronary heart disease

A

females

62
Q

what can be used to treat people with coronary heart disease

A

stent and statins

63
Q

what is the equation for respiration

A

glucose + oxygen-carbon dioxide + water

64
Q

what is the equation for the rate of blood flow

A

cardiac output = stroke volume * heart rate

65
Q

what is the function of the ribcage

A

to protect the lungs

66
Q

which factors will affect the rate of diffusion

A

temperature a low temperature will limit the rate as the molecule will move less and therefore the reaction happens slower

67
Q

why do bile salts convert large fat droplets to small fat droplets

A

Bile salts which convert large fat droplets to small fat droplets – for a large surface area for the enzymes to act on.

68
Q

Give one substance that plants absorb by active transport

A

nitrate ions

69
Q

why do epithelial cells have many mitochondria

A

in order to provide energy for respiration- to respire

70
Q

what word is used to describe plant cells placed in a hypertonic solution

A

flaccid

71
Q

what word is used to describe plants placed in a hypotonic solution

A

turgid

Cells (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions