Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

9B3 > Biology Unit 1 > Flashcards

Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism

A

respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

the ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses

A

sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

A

growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

removal from organisms of the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration), toxic

A

excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

A

reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

taking in of materials for energy, growth and development

A

nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity

Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

smallest unit, enclosed by a membrane, that makes up all living organisms.

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell Wall

A

The tough, protective barrier that surrounds the outer membrane of some types of cells and provides structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle in plant cells that is the site of photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The jellylike substance that fills the inside of a cell and supports and contains all the cell’s internal structures and organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Magnification

A

The process of enlarging the size of something, such as an optical image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nucleus

A

A membrane-bound structure that contains most of the cell’s genetic information and controls the main functions of the cell.
1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vacuole

A

The Organelle that holds the nutrition and water in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which organelles are not found in animals cells

A

Cell Wall, Vacuole, Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which sub-cellular structure makes food in a plant cell

A

Chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mitochondria

A

The site of aerobic respiration in the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which part of the cell is the arrow pointing to? (It gives structure to the cell)

A

Cell Wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which structures are the arrows pointing to? (The site of photosynthesis)

A

Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which part of the cell is the arrow pointing to? (It controls what can enter and exit the cell)

A

Cell Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which part of the cell are the arrows pointing to? (The site of aerobic respiration)

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Controls what can enter and exit the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Small parts of the cell found in the cytoplasm eg Mitochondria & Nucleus

A

Organelle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the arrow pointing to? (Controls the cell)

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the arrow point to? (Contains cell sap)

A

Vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the arrow pointing at? (Site of protein synthesis)

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the function of the Ciliated Cell?

A

Movement of mucus in the trachea and Bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the function of the Red Blood Cell

A

The Transport of Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the function of the Sperm Cell

A

Contains the Male Genetic Material for Reproduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the function of the Egg Cell (Ovum)

A

Contains the female genetic material for reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the function of the root hair cell?

A

Absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the function of the Palisade Mesophyll Cell

A

Photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the adaptations of the Ciliated Cell?

A

Extensions from the cell membrane called Cillia move mucus and trapped particles out of the respiratory tracts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the adaptations of the Red Blood Cells

A

1) Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for more efficient diffusion of Oxygen

2) Contains Haemoglobin to bind Oxygen

3) Contains no nucleus to increase the amount of space for Haemoglobin

37
Q

What are the adaptations of the sperm cell?

A

1) Contains half the amount of DNA for fertilisation (Haploid)

2) The Acrosome in the head contains digestive enzymes to break down the ovum’s cell membrane

3) Contains lots of mitochondria to release energy for movement

4) Tail enables the sperm to swim

38
Q

What are the adaptations of the Ovum? (Egg Cell)

A

1) Contains lots of cytoplasm which has nutrients for embryo development

2) Contains half of the DNA for fertilisation (Haploid)

3) Cell membrane changes after fertilisation so only one sperm can enter.

39
Q

What are the adaptations of the Root Hair Cell?

A

1) Root hairs increase surface area of the cell to ensure maximum efficiency for diffusion of mineral Ions and osmosis.

2) Thin walls to reduce the diffusion distance

3) No chloroplasts

40
Q

What are the adaptations of the Palisade Mesophyll Cell?

A

1) Column shapes to maximise absorption of sunlight and increase photosynthesis

2) Contains many chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis.

41
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The Movement of particles for an area of high concentration to low concentration, down the concentration gradient, until equilibrium is reached. This is a passive process.

42
Q

What factors can affect the rate of diffusion?

A

1) Temperature
2) Surface Area
3) Concentration Gradient
4) Diffusion Distance

43
Q

How does an increase in temperature affect diffusion?

A

Increase the rate

44
Q

How does a increase in diffusion distance affect diffusion

A

Decrease the rate of diffusion

45
Q

How does a increase in surface area affect diffusion?

A

Increase the rate of diffusion

46
Q

How does a decrease in concentration gradient affect diffusion

A

Decrease the rate of diffusion

47
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water particles from an area of high water potential to low water potential, through a partially permeable membrane, until equilibrium is reached. This process requires no energy

48
Q

What is another term for high water potential?

A

High water concentration
Dilute solution

49
Q

What is another term for low water potential

A

Low water concentration
Concentrated solution

50
Q

How could you describe a solution with lower water potential compared to a cell

A

Hypertonic solution

51
Q

How could you describe a solution with a higher water potential compared to a cell?

A

Hypotonic

52
Q

How could you describe a solution with the same water potential as a cell?

A

Isotonic

53
Q

What will happen to a plant cell placed in a hypertonic solution?

A

Water will move out of the cell via osmosis. The cell will decrease in turgor pressure, becoming flaccid

54
Q

What will happen to a cell when it placed in an isotonic solution?

A

The net movement of water will be zero, so there will be no change in the cell

55
Q

What will happen to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution

A

Water will move into the cell via osmosis, making the cell become turgid. If too much water enters the cell it will burst open (plasmolysis)

56
Q

What is it called when the net movement of water molecules is zero?

A

Equilibrium

57
Q

What is a semipermeable membrane?

A

A selective barrier

58
Q

What other names can a semi-permeable membrane have?

A

Partially permeable
Selectively permeable

59
Q

What is the concentration gradient?

A

The difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas

60
Q

What is the chemical used to test for starch?

A

Iodine

61
Q

What is the chemical used to test for protein?

A

Biuret

62
Q

What is the chemical used to test for Lipids?

A

Ethanol

63
Q

What is the positive colour change for Benedict’s solution?

A

Blue —> Red

64
Q

What is the positive colour change for Biuret’s Solution?

A

Blue —> Pink / Purple / Lilac

65
Q

What is the positive colour change for iodine?

A

Orange —> Blue / Black

66
Q

What does a positive result for the the Ethanol test look like?

A

Clear —> Cloudy emulsion

67
Q

Which test is most likely to be positive when testing meat?

A

Biuret

68
Q

Which test is most likely to be positive when testing pasta?

A

Iodine

69
Q

Which test is most likely to be positive when testing olive oil?

A

Ethanol

70
Q

Which test is most likely to be positive when testing orange juice?

A

Bennedict’s

71
Q

Why are enzymes important for digestion?

A

To speed up the chemical reactions

72
Q

Which structure represents the enzyme

A

A

73
Q

Which enzyme is found in saliva?

A

Amylase

74
Q

Which structure represents the substrate?

A

C

75
Q

Enzymes usually end in ….

A
  • ase

Maltese
Protease
Lipase
Carbohydrase

76
Q

Which enzyme breaks down sugar in milk products?

A

Lactase

77
Q

Which structure represents the product?

A

D

78
Q

When an enzyme’s shape has been changed or altered so it is no longer functioning we say it has been …..

A

Denatured

79
Q

Proteases like pepsin are found in the stomach. Pepsin works well at which pH level?

A

2

80
Q

Amylase breaks down starch from _____ to _____

A

Starch to maltose

81
Q

What is an example of the chemical breakdown of food?

A

Amylase in saliva

82
Q

What is an example of mechanical breakdown of food?

A

Mastication - chewing

83
Q

Which type of enzyme is found in the stomach?

A

Protease

84
Q

The position on the surface of an enzyme where the substrate will bind is called the …..

A

Active site

85
Q

What is an Enzyme?

A

Family of proteins produced by living cells that acts as a biological catalyst.

86
Q

How would we describe the conditions such as temperature and pH at which an enzyme has its highest activity?

A

Optimum Temperature
Optimum pH

87
Q

When an enzyme can only act on one substrate we would describe it as ……

A

Specific

88
Q

The Model used to describe enzyme substrate interactions

A

Lock and Key model

9B3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions