Biology Topic 6-8 Flashcards
How do you calculate BMI (Body Mass Index)?
BMI = Mass(Kg)
(Height(m))squared
3 examples of Homeostasis
Osmoregulation (water content)
Thermoregulation (body temperature)
Blood glucose
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining a constant internal environment
What glands produce (and secrete) hormones?
Endocrine glands
Name all the endocrine glands
Adrenal gland The pituitary gland Thyroid gland The pancreas Ovaries (female) Testies (male)
Name Four hormones which control the menstrual cycle
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
Oestrogen
LH (lutenising hormone)
Progesterone
Whats the difference between Nerones and Hormones?
Neurones: very fast action, act for very short time, act on very precise area
Hormones: slow action, act for a long time, act in more general way
What is adrenaline released by and what does it prepare us for?
Released by the adrenal glands
Prepares us for ‘fight or flight’
What does thyroxine regulate?
Metabolism
What are the two methods of helping somebody who is infertile?
Clomifene therapy- gives woman more FSH and LH to stimulate maturation of egg and ovulation
IVF ( In Vitro Fertilisation) - fertalise egg in a lab, fertalised egg transfered into womans uterus
What contraceptives can you use to prevent pregnancy?
The pill- contains oestrogen and progesterone
Barrier methods like condoms
What does diabetes type 1 mean?
Pancreas produces little to no insulin
What does diabetes type 2 mean?
Pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin or body doesnt recognise it
How to calculate surface area to volume ratio?
Volume = length X Width X Height
Divide ratio by volume to get in form n:1
What do red blood cells do?
Carry oxygen in the blood
What do red blood cells contain which bind to the oxygen to make oxyhaemeglobin?
Haemeglobin
What do white blood cells do ?
Defend against infection
How do white blood cells defend against infection?
By producing antibodies against that specific antigen
What do platelets do?
Help with blood clots
What does plasma do?
Plasma is the liquid that carries everything in blood
What do arteries do?
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart towards the body
Characteristics of arteries
Very thick muscular wall to deal with high pressures Small lumen(cross section)
Characteristics of capilaries
They are very small
Single cell thick wall to easily allow diffusion
Small lumen
Millions of them in the lungs
What do veins do?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart
