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biology topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Enzyme for starch

A

amylase

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2
Q

enzyme for proteins

A

protease

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3
Q

enzyme for lipids

A

lipase

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4
Q

starch is broken into….

A

maltose

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5
Q

lipids are broken into…..

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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6
Q

proteins are broken into….

A

amino acids

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7
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms.

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8
Q

True or False: Enzymes are consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

A

False.

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9
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme?

A

The specific region where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes are typically _____ proteins.

A

globular.

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11
Q

What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

A

To break down complex food molecules into simpler forms that can be absorbed by the body.

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12
Q

What is the substrate in an enzymatic reaction?

A

The reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon.

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13
Q

Which enzyme breaks down starch into sugars?

A

Amylase.

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14
Q

True or False: All enzymes work best at the same temperature.

A

False.

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15
Q

What is denaturation in the context of enzymes?

A

The process in which an enzyme loses its functional shape due to extreme conditions, affecting its activity.

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16
Q

What are cofactors?

A

Non-protein molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

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17
Q

What type of biomolecule are most enzymes?

A

Proteins.

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18
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting enzyme activity? A) pH B) Temperature C) Color D) Substrate concentration

A

C) Color.

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19
Q

What is a competitive inhibitor?

A

A substance that competes with the substrate for binding to the active site of an enzyme.

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down food into smaller molecules is called _____ digestion.

A

chemical.

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21
Q

What is the function of pepsin?

A

To break down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach.

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22
Q

True or False: Enzymes can catalyze multiple different reactions.

A

False.

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23
Q

What is the role of bile in digestion?

A

To emulsify fats, making them easier for enzymes to digest.

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24
Q

Multiple choice: Which food test indicates the presence of starch? A) Benedict’s test B) Iodine test C) Biuret test D) Sudan III test

A

B) Iodine test.

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25
What is the end product of carbohydrate digestion?
Monosaccharides, primarily glucose.
26
Fill in the blank: The enzyme lactase breaks down _____ into glucose and galactose.
lactose.
27
What is the main function of the small intestine?
To absorb nutrients from digested food.
28
True or False: Enzymes can function in a wide range of pH levels.
False.
29
What is the role of lipase?
To break down fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
30
Multiple choice: Which of the following tests detects proteins in food? A) Benedict's test B) Biuret test C) Iodine test D) Sudan III test
B) Biuret test.
31
What is the purpose of the digestive system?
To convert food into energy and basic nutrients for the body.
32
Fill in the blank: The enzyme amylase is found in the _____ and helps digest starch.
saliva.
33
What are the products of lipid digestion?
Fatty acids and glycerol.
34
True or False: The stomach is the primary site of nutrient absorption.
False.
35
What is the primary function of the large intestine?
To absorb water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.
36
Multiple choice: Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down nucleic acids? A) Nuclease B) Amylase C) Lipase D) Protease
A) Nuclease.
37
Fill in the blank: The enzyme _____ is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach.
pepsin.
38
What is the significance of enzyme specificity?
It ensures that enzymes catalyze only specific reactions, preventing unwanted side reactions.
39
True or False: All enzymes require cofactors to be active.
False.
40
What is the main role of the pancreas in digestion?
To produce digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
41
Multiple choice: Which food test is used to detect the presence of sugars? A) Iodine test B) Benedict's test C) Biuret test D) Sudan III test
B) Benedict's test.
42
What is the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase.
43
Fill in the blank: Enzymatic reactions often follow a _____ model, where the enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate.
induced fit.
44
What are the two main types of digestion?
Mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.
45
True or False: Enzymes are always active at all temperatures.
False.
46
What is a non-competitive inhibitor?
A substance that binds to an enzyme at a location other than the active site, reducing its activity.
47
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.
esophagus.
48
What is the primary site of chemical digestion?
The small intestine.
49
Multiple choice: Which of the following enzymes digests proteins? A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Protease D) Lactase
C) Protease.
50
Fill in the blank: The _____ test is used to detect fats in food.
Sudan III.
51
What is the role of saliva in digestion?
To moisten food and begin the process of digestion, particularly of starches.
52
True or False: Enzymes can work in both directions of a reversible reaction.
True.
53
What is the role of the liver in digestion?
To produce bile, which helps in the digestion and absorption of fats.
54
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the final part of the digestive tract.
anus.
55
What is the impact of high temperatures on enzymes?
High temperatures can lead to denaturation and loss of enzyme activity.
56
Multiple choice: Which enzyme is produced in the stomach? A) Amylase B) Pepsin C) Lipase D) Lactase
B) Pepsin.
57
What are the four main types of biomolecules?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
58
Fill in the blank: The _____ is where most nutrient absorption occurs.
small intestine.
59
True or False: Digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach only.
False.
60
What is the significance of the pH level in enzymatic reactions?
Different enzymes have optimal pH levels at which they function best.
61
What is the main function of carbohydrates in the diet?
To provide energy.
62
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a gland that secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
pancreas.
63
Multiple choice: Which type of biomolecule are enzymes classified as? A) Carbohydrates B) Proteins C) Nucleic acids D) Lipids
B) Proteins.

Year 9 Science (3 decks)

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