Biology - topic 1 Flashcards
Are animal cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Do animal cells have a nucleus?
Yes
Name 5 parts of an animal cell
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Nucleus
What happens in the cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions happen
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What does mitochondria do?
Powerhouse of the cell
Where respiration occurs
What happens in the ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs
Contain proteins
Are plant cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Name 8 parts of a plant cell
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
What do chloroplasts do?
Contain green pigment, chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis also contains the enzyme for photosynthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
Provide structure and protection.
Are bacterial cell multicellular or singled celled?
Single celled
Are bacterial cells prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic
Name 5 parts of a bacterial cell
Chromosomal DNA
Plasmid DNA
Flagellum
Cell membrane
Cell wall
What does the flagella do?
Can move in a whip like motion to move bacterium
How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different?
Prokaryotic cells are smaller
DNA in a eukaryotic cell is found in the nucleus whereas in prokaryotic cells DNA is a single molecule found free in the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic cells divide by binary fission whereas eukaryotic cells divide by mitosis.
How is a sperm cell adapted for its function?
The head contains genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus.
The middle part contains mitochondria which releases energy into the egg.
The tail enables the sperm cell to be able to swim.
The acrosome in the head contains enzymes so that a sperm can penetrate an egg.
How is an egg cell adapted for its function?
The cytoplasm contains nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
Haploid nucleus contains genetic material for fertilisation.
The cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter
How is a ciliated epithelial cell adapted for its function?
Cilia on the surface beat to move fluids and particles up the trachea
