biology - the heart + blood Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the circulatory system?
The circulation system is responsible for getting blood around the body. It delivers useful substances (e.g. glucose + oxygen) and removes waste products
What is coronary heart disease?
When the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart clog up due to fat deposits. It can lead to an increased risk of heart attacks.
Name 3 things that put you at risk of getting coronary heart disease
-A diet of high saturated fats
-Being inactive
-Smoking
What does the pulmonary artery do?
It pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What does the pulmonary vein do?
Oxygenated blood is received through the pulmonary vein which then travels through the left atrium, ventricle and aorta to be pumped around the rest of the body.
What side of the heart has a thicker wall?
The left side because it has to pump blood around the whole body.
Why are the valves in the heart important?
To stop the backflow of blood into the heart.
Name the valves
-The tricuspid valve
-The bicuspid valve
-The semi lunar valves
Why does exercise increase you heart rate?
Your body needs more energy = more oxygen to respire. This means oxygenated blood must be pumped faster around the body. Also to remove any deoxygenated blood.
What else can change your heart rate?
Hormones (e.g. adrenaline)
What are the 2 types of white blood cell
-Lymphocyte
-Phagocyte
What does the Lymphocyte do?
Releases antibodies and ‘flags’ up the pathogen to the Phagocyte
What does the Phagocyte do?
Engulfs, digests and destroys the pathogen
What’s the significance of memory cells?
They remember the pathogen and means that antibodies will be produced much faster.
Why do we have vaccines + what are they made of
Vaccines are made of a inactive/ dead pathogens. They carry antigens which mean that the immune response will be triggered and the memory cells will remember the pathogen so it could combat it if it came as an active pathogen. Protecting you from the full extent of the illness.
What do platelets do?
Help form blood clots when you cut yourself
What is plasma?
The yellow liquid which carries your blood cells, platelets, glucose, hormones, urea, carbon dioxide and heat energy.
How are red blood cells designed to carry oxygen?
-No nucleus to make space for haemoglobin
-They have a biconcave shape to increase their surface area for absorbing + releasing oxygen.
