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Biology tests Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

two muscles that connect to the mandible and cranium and function to close the jaw are the ?

A

Temporalis and masseter

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2
Q

the small muscles between the ribs that aid in breathing are known as the ?

A

intercostal muscles

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3
Q

The following muscle is not involved in moving the arm ?

A

quadriceps femoris

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4
Q

the largest and strongest muscle in the body is the ?

A

gluteus maximus

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5
Q

the group of three muscles in the back of each thigh that work together to bend the leg at the knee are the ?

A

hamstrings

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6
Q

the largest muscle of the calf is the ?

A

gastrocnemius

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7
Q

scientists who study birds are called ??

A

ornithologists

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8
Q

All of the following help equip birds for flight….

A
  1. an efficient circulatory system with a four-chambered heart, 2. powerful muscles to power the wings during flight, 3. a prominent ridge, or keel, on the breastbone for attachment of the flight muscles.
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9
Q

An animal such as a bird that walks about on two feet is described as ?

A

bipedal

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10
Q

the largest living land bird native to North America is the ?

A

California condor

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11
Q

group of birds that includes bluebirds, thrushes, and robins

A

perching birds

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12
Q

group of birds that include ostriches, emus, and kiwis

A

flightless birds

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13
Q

group of birds that includes pheasants, grouse, and turkeys

A

game birds

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14
Q

group of birds that includes eagles, hawks, owls, and falcons

A

birds of prey

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15
Q

type of inheritance in which a single gene influences several seemingly unrelated traits

A

pleiotropy

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16
Q

type of inheritance in which a single trait is controlled by many different pairs of genes

A

polygenic inheritance

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17
Q

type of inheritance in which there are more than two different forms of a gene for a particular trait; example is the gene for human blood types

A

multiple allele inheritance

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18
Q

In plants, the term pollination refers to ?

A

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma

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19
Q

the part of a seed that develops into the stem and leaves of a plant is the ?

A

plumule

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20
Q

The elongated, vase-shaped structure at the center of a flower that receives pollen and produces seeds is the ?

A

pistil

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21
Q

all of the following are types of RNA ?

A

messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)

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22
Q

the term of a close relationship between two different species over a period of time is ?

A

symbiosis

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23
Q

large geographic regions identified by their climax vegetation and distinctive animal life are called ?

A

biomes

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24
Q

the body cavity that contains the brain is the ?

A

cranial cavity

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25
Q

proteins are composed of long chains of simpler molecules called ?

A

amino acids

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26
Q

the part of the brain that functions primarily to coordinate voluntary muscle activity is the ?

A

cerebellum

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27
Q

the process by which cells in a developing embryo take on specialized forms to become blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, etc., is

A

differentiation

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28
Q

a cell such as a gamete that has half the usual number of chromosomes is said to have a ? set

A

haploid

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29
Q

the special type of cell division that results in cells with half the normal number of chromosomes (such as gametes) is ?

A

meiosis

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30
Q

the type of neurons that relay signals between other neurons and process information in the central nervous system is the ?

A

interneurons

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31
Q

the body’s primary organ of digestion and absorption is the ?

A

small intestines

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32
Q

according to the text, the majority of the Calories in the diet should come from ?

A

carbohydrates

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33
Q

the actual combination of genes that a person inherits for a particular trait is known as the person’s ?

A

genotype

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34
Q

the process by which living cells produce energy by combining foods with oxygen is ?

A

cellular respiration

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35
Q

an insect that begins life as a wormlike larva that forms a cocoon or chrysalis and emerges as a mature adult is said to undergo ? metamorphosis

A

complete

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36
Q

the liquid portion of the blood is called

A

plasm

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37
Q

the killing of a child before birth is commonly referred to as ?

A

abortion

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38
Q

Y-shaped protein molecules produced by white blood cells that help fight infections are called ?

A

antibodies

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39
Q

the two main groups of fish are the

A

bony fish and cartilaginous fish

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40
Q

an animal that regulates its temperature by external factors, so that its temperature fluctuates with its surroundings, is said to be ?

A

poikilothermic

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41
Q

law of genetics which states that many traits of an organism are inherited independently of each other

A

law of independent assortment

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42
Q

The difference between DNA and RNA is that ?

A

DNA consists of two strands, whereas RNA consists of only one;
DNA contains deoxyribose, whereas RNA contains ribose;
DNA contains the base thymine, whereas RNA contains uracil

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43
Q

earthworms, sea worms, and leeches are classified as ?

A

segmented worms (annelids)

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44
Q

any animal without a backbone or notochord is called an ?

A

invertebrate

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45
Q

gnawing mammals such as rats and squirrels are classified as ?

A

rodents

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46
Q

group of invertebrates characterized by spiny skin, radial symmetry, and a water-vascular system

A

echinoderms

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47
Q

tiny capsules of genetic information that cause disease by reprogramming the machinery of living cells are ?

A

viruses

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48
Q

Austrian monk known as the father of the science of genetics

A

Gregor Mendel

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49
Q

a group of similar body cells that work together to accomplish the task of an organ is referred to as a ?

A

tissue

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50
Q

xylem and phloem are examples of

A

vascular tissue

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51
Q

law of genetics which states that alleles for each trait separate randomly during the formation of gametes

A

law of segregation

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52
Q

the process by which an RNA copy is made of a DNA template is called ?

A

transcription

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53
Q

groups of mollusks include…

A

cephalopods, bivalves, gastropods

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54
Q

the heart of an amphibian has ? chambers

A

three

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55
Q

characteristics of birds include…

A
  • -a four-chambered heart;
  • -air sacs in the body cavity that function in respiration
  • -an efficient digestive system and warm-blooded metabolism
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56
Q

group of invertebrates characterized by a muscular foot, a visceral hump,and a mantle

A

mollusks

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57
Q

scientists refer to any organism that causes disease an a ?

A

pathogen

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58
Q

British naturalist who wrote Origin of Species; proposed the hypothesis of evolution by natural selection

A

Charles Darwin

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59
Q

In a scientific name such as Pinus taeda, the first word refers to the organism’s ?

A

genus

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60
Q

the stalk of a leaf is called the ?

A

petiole

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61
Q

law of genetics which states that dominant traits show up in the offspring even if a gene for a different trait is also present

A

law of dominance

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62
Q

the process by which DNA is copied is called

A

replication

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63
Q

the cells of the retina that distinguish color and provide the sharpest vision are the ?

A

cone cells

64
Q

the embryos of viviparous mammals develop in a special muscular organ called the

A

uterus

65
Q

wolves, tigers and seals are all classified as ?

A

carnivores

66
Q

group of reptiles that includes alligators, caimans, and gavials ?

A

crocodilians

67
Q

the ‘master gland’ of the body, which produces growth hormone and gonadotropins, is the

A

pituitary gland

68
Q

French scientist who formulated the germ concept of disease

A

Louis Pasteur

69
Q

the purpose of ? tissue is to transport food downward from the leaves to the rest of the plant

A

phloem

70
Q

a plant that is a dicot is characterized by ?

A

seeds with two cotyledons, branching veins and a taproot system, flowers with petals in multiples of 4 or 5

71
Q

DNA is described as having a ? structure

A

double helix

72
Q

small organelles that serve as the ‘protein factories’ of the cell ?

A

ribosomes

73
Q

the light-sensitive layer of the eye that detects the image and transmits it to the brain is the ?

A

retina

74
Q

animals which ‘chew the cud’ are known as ?

A

ruminants

75
Q

‘typographical errors’ in the genetic code are called ?

A

mutations

76
Q

the working unit of the kidneys that do the job of filtering wastes from the blood are the ?

A

nephrons

77
Q

Swedish naturalist who devised the scientific system of classification?

A

Carolus Linnaeus

78
Q

the largest of the chest muscles, which serve to pull your arms forward (as when doing push-ups), are the ? muscles.

A

pectoralis major

79
Q

a composite flower is a flower that ?

A

consists of both disk flowers and ray flowers

80
Q

the four types of bases that can make up the ‘rungs’of a DNA molecule are ?

A

adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine

81
Q

sausage-shaped organelles that serve as the ‘power plants’ of the cell

A

mitochondria

82
Q

the order of insects that includes grasshoppers, crickets, mantids, and roaches is ?

A

Orthoptera

83
Q

the two groups of mammals that reproduce differently from ordinary placental mammals are the ?

A

egg-laying mammals and marsupials

84
Q

what does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

85
Q

the three layers of the skin are the ?

A

epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers

86
Q

Annually moving to a different region is called ?

A

migration

87
Q

the hip joint and shoulder joint are examples of ?

A

ball-and-socket joints

88
Q

the term angiosperm refers to ?

A

flowering plants that reproduce by means of seeds covered by fruits

89
Q

the substance in a cell’s nucleus that contains the cell’s ‘blueprints’ and serves as the master control program of the cell is ?

A

DNA

90
Q

fluid medium of the cell

A

cytoplasm

91
Q

spiders, ticks, scorpions, and daddy longlegs are classified as ?

A

arachnids

92
Q

the idea that animals or plants well suited to their environment are generally more likely to survive than organisms poorly suited to their environment is called ?

A

natural selection

93
Q

the protozoan that moves and engulfs prey by means of pseudopods is the ?

A

amoeba

94
Q

the thick sheet of muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity and functions in breathing is the ?

A

diaphragm

95
Q

the study of fossils is ?

A

paleontology

96
Q

the two long bones that compose the forearm are the ?

A

ulna and radius

97
Q

two different forms of the same gene are called ?

A

alleles

98
Q

large, usually spherical body near the center of the cell that serves as the cell’s master control center

A

nucleus

99
Q

the three body regions of an insect are the ?

A

head, thorax and abdomen

100
Q

a famous fossil found that is considered to represent a true human?

A

Neanderthal man

101
Q

the organs on each side of a fish’s head that allow the fish to extract oxygen from the water are the ?

A

gills

102
Q

the iron-containing protein molecule found in red blood cells that enables the blood to transport oxygen is ?

A

hemoglobin

103
Q

a tentative solution to a scientific problem is known as a ?

A

hypothesis

104
Q

pines, redwoods and firs are examples of ?

A

conifers

105
Q

the organ that allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy so that it can remain stationary at a given depth is the ?

A

swim bladder

106
Q

unlearned knowledge that an animal possesses from birth is known as

A

instinct

107
Q

small, bean-shaped organs of the lymphatic system that serve as ‘bases’ and staging areas for white blood cells are calls ?

A

lymph nodes

108
Q

the tiny, tubelike projections that extend from epidermal cells of a root and serve to absorb water and minerals are the ?

A

root hairs

109
Q

the large fin at the rear of a fish that serves as the fish’s propeller and rudder is the ?

A

caudal fin

110
Q

a type of root system in which small secondary roots branch from a large straight primary root is called a ?

A

taproot system

111
Q

the type of fruit that includes peas, beans, and peanuts is the

A

legume

112
Q

a relationship in which a hawk and an eagle compete for rodents

A

competition

113
Q

? are made of solid bone and are shed every year

A

antlers

114
Q

primates without tails are classified as ?

A

apes

115
Q

the study of how living things interact with one another and with their physical environment is known as ?

A

ecology

116
Q

animals with backbones are knowns as ?

A

vertebrates

117
Q

the sudden outburst of living things of great variety in the fossil record, showing no evidence of evolution, is referred to as the ?

A

Cambrian explosion

118
Q

even-toed ungulates such as cattle, sheep, and deer are classified as ?

A

artiodactyls

119
Q

examples of primates with tails include the ?

A

monkeys

120
Q

egg-laying by fish is referred to as

A

spawning

121
Q

the W-shaped bands in which a fish’s muscles are arranged are called ?

A

myomeres

122
Q

all of the workers in a colony of bees, ants, or wasps are

A

females

123
Q

the abdominal appendages of crayfish and other crustaceans are known as

A

swimmerets

124
Q

the short, fingerlike organs of a spider’s abdomen with which it speins silk are the ?

A

spinnerets

125
Q

the excretory organs of a crayfish are the

A

green glands

126
Q

the cell theory states that ?

A

all living things are composed of living units called cells, and cell products and all cells come from preexisting cells

127
Q

the two types of endoplasmic reticulum

A

smooth ER and rough ER

128
Q

the ‘little organs’ within a cell are called ?

A

organelles

129
Q

the only cephalopod with an external shell

A

nautilus

130
Q

the special phosphate molecule that serves as the energy carrier of the cell is ?

A

ATP

131
Q

octopuses, squid, and nautiluses are examples of ?

A

cephalopods

132
Q

clams, oysters, and scallops are classified as ?

A

bivalves

133
Q

the phases of the cell cycle in their proper sequence are ?

A

interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

I P M A T

134
Q

the largest invertebrate

A

giant squid

135
Q

what are the most prominent bones of the thoracic cavity?

A

ribs

136
Q

the ? is the division of the skeleton that includes the bones of the skull and spine

A

axial skeleton

137
Q

what is the fatty, white covering found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord ?

A

myelin

138
Q

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

139
Q

the seed-producing cones of a conifer are called ? cones

A

ovulate

140
Q

an oriental gymnosperm with two-lobed, fan-shaped leaves is the ?

A

ginkgo

141
Q

into what two kingdoms have living things traditionally been grouped?

A

plant and animal

142
Q

to what group of fungi do yeasts belong

A

sac fungi

143
Q

what term refers to an organism that lives on or in another living organism and derives its nutrition from that organism?

A

parasite

144
Q

the sperm and egg are referred to as ?, or reproductive cells.

A

gametes

145
Q

what philosophy believes that a person’s actions can be completely explained as responses to certain stimuli?

A

behaviorism

146
Q

what helps the intestines function properly

A

dietary fiber

147
Q

the building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

148
Q

how much of our Calorie intake should be carbohydrates ?

A

45-60%

149
Q

the two scientists who jointly deduced the structure of the DNA molecule were ?

A

Watson and Crick

150
Q

what is a gene?

A

a segment or segments of DNA containing the genetic code for a particular trait

151
Q

another name for a fertilized egg?

A

zygote

152
Q

how many chromosomes are in a human reproductive cell?

A

23

153
Q

group of reptiles characterized by a shell and toothless jaws

A

turtles

154
Q

group of snakes that includes water moccasins, rattlesnakes, and copperheads

A

viperids

155
Q

The ‘Father of Anatomy’ who wrote a monumental book known as the Fabrica was ?

A

Andreas Vesalius

Biology final (1 decks)

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