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Biology Test Lent Year 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What are nutrients?

A

Nutrients are helpful substances found in food, which provides useful stuff, for example, energy. All living things require nutrients to live. Nutrients are used for growth and development and provides nourishment.

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2
Q

What are the 7 nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, Protein, Minerals, Fats, Dietary fibre, Water, Vitamins

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3
Q

Function of the large intestine

A

The last process before egestion. Absorbs water and salts into bloodstream and stores faeces for egestion towards the end.

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4
Q

The shorter wider tube that follows the small intestine

A

Large intestine

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5
Q

Function of the small intestine

A

Where the remaining nutrients (e.g. Glucose, amino acids, vitamins) are absorbed into the bloodstream

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6
Q

The long, thin winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the stomach

A

Small intestine

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7
Q

Function of the oesophagus

A

Muscular tube which moves ingested food from mouth to stomach

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8
Q

The long tube between the mouth and the stomach

A

Oesophagus

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9
Q

Function of the stomach

A

Produces enzymes and is acidic to break down food (enzymes) and kill bacteria (acids)

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10
Q

A sack-like, muscular organ that is attached to the oesophagus

A

Stomach

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11
Q

Function of the pancreas

A

Makes the chemicals (digestive enzymes) to be released into the small intestine

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12
Q

A gland below the stomach which makes lots of chemicals

A

Pancreas

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13
Q

Function of the mouth

A

Where food enters and first site of digestion. Food is chewed and mixed with saliva

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14
Q

The first part of the digestive system, where food enters the body

A

Mouth

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15
Q

What is digestion?

A

Breakdown of food - physical or chemical

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16
Q

What is ingestion?

A

Eating and swallowing food

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17
Q

What is absorption?

A

The taking up of small, soluble food molecules into the bloodstream by the process called diffusion

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18
Q

Why is Vitamin C important in the body?

A

Humans need Vitamin C in order to form an important protein called collagen, for the growth and repair of tissues in all parts of your body. It is need to form blood vessels, cartilage, and muscle. Not getting enough leads to feeling tired, weak, and irritable. However, too much can also cause stomach problems

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19
Q

What disease is caused by Vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy, which causes bruising, gum and dental problems, dry hair and skin, and anemia.

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20
Q

Difference between glucose and starch

A

Glucose is a small carbohydrate the releases energy quickly. Starch is a large carbohydrate that releases energy slowly.

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21
Q

Benedict’s test. Negative result, positive result and food nutrient

A

Negative- light blue. Positive- brick red. Glucose

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22
Q

Iodine test. Negative result, positive result and food nutrient

A

Negative- yellow/brown. Positive- blue/black. Starch

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23
Q

Biuret test. Negative result, positive result and food nutrient

A

Negative- Light blue. Positive- lilac. Protein

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24
Q

Difference between chemical and physical digestion, and where they occur

A

Chemical digestion is the use of chemicals to change the chemical composition of food- break chemical bonds. It occurs in the mouth by saliva, and also in the small intestine and stomach.
Physical digestion is the physical breakdown of food. Examples include in the mouth, by chewing, and also the stomach, by churning.

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25
Where does absorption occur?
Small intestine
26
How do villi increase rate of absorption
Increases surface area, which helps the absorption of the digested food molecules. They aslo have thin walls for fast diffusion. As well as this they have a good blood supply, and tiny projections on the surface of the cells called microvilli.
27
What is peristalsis?
When muscles contract and pull food through the digestive system
28
What is an enzyme, and what is its function?
An enzyme is a chemical that breaks down chemical bonds in food and speed up digestion by acting as a catalyst (biological catalyst). It is contained in saliva.
29
SLAPUK (for graphs)
Scale Line Axes Points Units Key
30
What are the 3 types of enzymes? What are their uses?
Carbohydrase- digests carbohyrdates Protease- dissolves proteins Lipase- dissolves lipids/fats
31
Independent, dependent and control variables
Independent- the one you change Dependent- the one you measure Control- the one that stays the same
32
Where do independent and dependent variables go on a graph?
Independent- x axes (horizontal) Dependent- y axes (vertical)
33
Process of diffusion
The movement of particles from a high to low concentration until dynamic equilibrium (when particles are evenly spread out but are still moving) is reached.
34
How to draw and label a bacterial cell
Cell wall, flagellum, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid (DNA), Plasmids, Villi outside.
35
What are fungi?
Decomposers that underfof extracellular digestion to get their nutirion (saprotrophic nutrition- releasing enzymes onto their food and taking in the soluble products of digestion)
36
Carbon cycle key processes
Photosynthesis, respiration, burning (combustion) and decomposition)
37
Role of fungi and bacteria in recycling carbon
Decomposing dead organic material
38
What is a microbe?
A microbe is a very small living organism that we cannot see with the naked eye. In order to study microbes, we use a microscope. Examples include: plankton, bacteria, etc.
39
Bacteria colonies
lots of bacteria live in colonies- this doesn't make them multicellular, they are unicellular and just live in groups
40
Bacterial growth
Bacteria uses asexual reproduction to reproduce. They divide into 2 copies to reproduce, which is called Binary Fission (splitting in 2)
41
Cell membrane function
Controls what enters and leaves the cell
42
Nucleus function
Controls the cell's activities (stores DNA)
43
Ribosomes function
Makes proteins
44
Mitochondria function
Site of respiration
45
Cytoplasm function
Site of other chemical reaction
46
How big are animal cells?
They are between 10 micrometers and 100 micrometers in diameter
47
When drawing biological cells remember...
Size Pencil Labels Outline Detail
48
Vacuole functions
Contains sap which maintains pressure within the plant cell, provides sugars fro the growing plant and stores waste materials
49
Chloroplast functions
Contains chlorophyll which converts light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells (site of photosynthesis)
50
Cell wall functions
Maintains cell structure, provides structures for the plant, prevents cells bursting, made of cellulose
51
Are animal cells bigger than plant cells?
No. Plant cells are usually larger than animal cells, and have a more box like, fixed shape nad have some extra parts too.
52
Which enzymes are found in the small intestine?
Small intestine lipase, carbohydrase (maltose + amylase), protease
53
Which enzymes are found in saliva?
Amylase (starch)
54
Which enzyme is found in the stomach?
Pepsin (protease)
55
What is a decomposer?
An organism that chemically breaks down dead food e.g. fungi, bacteria
56
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrates?
Amylase
57
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
The process by which fungi release enzymes onto their food and absorb the soluble products
58
Which process in the carbon cycle involves the release of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels?
Combustion
59
What is a pathogen?
A bacterium that causes diseases
60
Difference between Excretion and Egestion
Excretion- Sweating- removal of toxic waste particles from cells. Egestion- poo- removal of indigested food that hasn't been absorbed in the small intestine
61
What are the uses and sources of carbohydrates?
Provides energy; cereals, bread, pasta, rice and potatoes
62
What are the uses and sources of protein?
Growth and repair; fish, meat, eggs, beans, pulses and dairy products
63
What are the uses and sources of Dietary fibre?
Provides roughage to help keep the food moving; vegetables and bran
64
What are the uses and sources of minerals?
Needed I’m small amounts to maintain health; salt, milk (for calcium) and liver (for iron)
65
What are the uses and sources of fats?
Provides energy and store energy in the body and insulate it against the cold; oil meat butter
66
What are the uses and sources of water?
Needed for cells and body fluids; water
67
What are the uses and sources of vitamins?
Needed in small amounts to maintain health; fruit, vegetables, dairy foods
68
Large intestine definition
The shorter wider tube that follows the small intestine
69
Small intestine definition
The long, thin, winding tube that food goes through after it leaves the stomach
70
Oesophagus definition
The long tube between the mouth and the stomach
71
Stomach definition
A sack-like, muscular organ that is attached to the oesaphagus
72
Pancreas definition
A gland below the stomach which makes lots of chemicals

Biology (3 decks)

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