Biology Test Info Flashcards
What is a Eukaryotic cell.
A animal of plant cell with a nucleus that contains there genetic material.
What is a a Prokaryotic cell.
A bacterial cell that does not have a nucleus
Which ones bigger Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Eukaryotes a way bigger than Prokaryotes
What does the Prokaryotes cell have for DNA
A loop of DNA
Does Prokaryotes cells have a cell wall or cell membrane?
They have both!
Does Eukaryotic cells have cell wall or cell membrane
Cell membrane
What does centi mean
100
What does milli mean
1000
1000 millimetres equals what?
1 metre
What does micro mean
One million
What does nano mean
One billion
What is magnitude
Being 10x greater than each value
What do you do when trying to find magnitude
Count the zeros at the end of the number eg 100 is 2x magnitude
What is the function of a nucleus
To store genetic information /enclose the genetic
What is the cytoplasm and what is its function
A watery solution were chemical reactions take place ,eg first stage of respiration
What is a cell membrane and it’s function
Controls the molecules that enter and leave the cell
What is the mitochondria?
Where aerobic respiration happens when energy is made through carbohydrates
What are ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
What are plant cell shapes like
Regular and are packed full of green structures
What are chloroplasts
Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis
What is a cell wall ?
Made from cellulose ,this strengthens the cell
What is a permanent vacuole and what is its function ?
Filled with cell sap ,the cell sap in the vacuole gives the plant cell it’s shape
What is a fact about animal cells
Most of them are specialised
What does specialised mean
When cells are adapted which helps them carry out their particular function
What does it mean when it’s specialised
When it because specialise scientists called it differentiation.
What is the function of a sperm cell
To join with a ovum (egg)and fertilise it
What is in a sperm cell
A long tail to allow them to swim to the ovum
Enzymes which allow themselves to digest their way through the outer layer
Packed full with mitochondria to provide the, with energy for swimming
What is the job of a nerve cell
To send electrical impulses around the body
What is job of the axon ?
To carry the electrical impulses from one body part to another part
Job of myelin ?
It’s insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses
What is the function of synapses ?
End of the axon ,the junction that allows the impulse to one nerve cell to another
What is dendrites?
Increase surface area so nerve cell can connect more easily
What can muscle cells do ?
Contract (get shorter)
What is a protein fibre
It can change the length in the muscle cell
What else does muscle cells have to do?
Packed with mitochondria
What is the job of mitochondria in muscle cells
Give the cell energy for muscle contraction
What do muscle cells work together to do ?
Create muscle tissue
What do hairs increase on a root?
Increase surface area so it can absorb water and dissolve minerals quicker
What do root hair cells not contain ?
Chloroplasts because they are underground and chloroplasts have chlorophyll which is the site of photosynthesis which is impossible without sunlight
Where is xylem cells found
Found in the stem of the plant
What does xylem have and why
Xylem has thick walls this is because they contain lignin which helps support the wall
Why does the xylem cells usually die
Because of the lignin
What else do the xylem not have ?
They don’t have a nucleus a vacuole ,cytoplasm or chloroplasts
What does a phloem cell transport
Transports sugars up and down the plant
What does phloem vessels cells not have
A nucleus
What is the companion cell does mitochondria provide
Energy to the phloem vessel cell
One feature of a microscope
A stage ,it is where we place the microscope slide
What does the stage have
Clips to hold the stage in place
A lamp in a microscope
Light passes up through the microscope slide
What is a stem cell
A undifferentiated cell which can give rise to any other cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells
What is diffusion
It is the spreading out of particles resulting in net movement from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration
Net meaning
Overall
The greater the concentration gradient the greater what?
The quicker diffusion is to take place
The higher the temperature in diffusion the?
The greater the rate of diffusion
Why is it that the temperature affect the rate of diffusion
The higher the temperature rate of kinetic energy which improves diffusion also means makes it quicker
The larger the surface area the?
The greater rate of diffusion
Osmosis
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a particularly permeable membrane
Dilute solutions
Contain a high concentration of water
Concentrated solution
Contain a low concentration of water
What is a partially permeable membrane?
Allow some molecules to pass through, but not all molecules
Osmosis
Simply the diffusion of water
What does turgid mean?
Swollen
Shrink
Flaccid
Active transport
Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentration solution (against the concentration gradient)
Active transport requires energy from what ?
Respiration
Tissue
A tissue is a group of cells with a similar functions and structure
Organ
A group of tissues working together for a specific function
Organ systems
Organs are grouped into organ systems which work together to form organisms
Food contains three main nutrients what are they
Carbohydrates ,proteins and lipids
Food broken down into smaller molecules by what
Enzymes
Chlorophyll absorbs what
Light energy
Equation of photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
Light
Chemical formula equation
C02+H20->C6H12O6+02
We need energy for ?
For chemical reactions to build larger molecules
Proteins are made from ?
Chemically joining amino acids
Respiration is a what
Exothermic reaction because energy is being released
Aerobic respiration
Glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Energy
Aerobic respiration chemical formula
C6H1206+02->C02+ H20
Anaerobic respiration
Glucose ->lactic acid
Energy
Anaerobic respiration release more or less than aerobic respiration
Less because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete
Anaerobic in yeast or plant cells
Glucose ->ethanol +carbon dioxide
