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Biology Paper 1 > Biology Test Info > Flashcards

Biology Test Info Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a Eukaryotic cell.

A

A animal of plant cell with a nucleus that contains there genetic material.

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2
Q

What is a a Prokaryotic cell.

A

A bacterial cell that does not have a nucleus

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3
Q

Which ones bigger Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotes a way bigger than Prokaryotes

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4
Q

What does the Prokaryotes cell have for DNA

A

A loop of DNA

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5
Q

Does Prokaryotes cells have a cell wall or cell membrane?

A

They have both!

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6
Q

Does Eukaryotic cells have cell wall or cell membrane

A

Cell membrane

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7
Q

What does centi mean

A

100

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8
Q

What does milli mean

A

1000

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9
Q

1000 millimetres equals what?

A

1 metre

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10
Q

What does micro mean

A

One million

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11
Q

What does nano mean

A

One billion

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12
Q

What is magnitude

A

Being 10x greater than each value

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13
Q

What do you do when trying to find magnitude

A

Count the zeros at the end of the number eg 100 is 2x magnitude

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14
Q

What is the function of a nucleus

A

To store genetic information /enclose the genetic

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15
Q

What is the cytoplasm and what is its function

A

A watery solution were chemical reactions take place ,eg first stage of respiration

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16
Q

What is a cell membrane and it’s function

A

Controls the molecules that enter and leave the cell

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17
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Where aerobic respiration happens when energy is made through carbohydrates

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18
Q

What are ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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19
Q

What are plant cell shapes like

A

Regular and are packed full of green structures

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20
Q

What are chloroplasts

A

Contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

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21
Q

What is a cell wall ?

A

Made from cellulose ,this strengthens the cell

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22
Q

What is a permanent vacuole and what is its function ?

A

Filled with cell sap ,the cell sap in the vacuole gives the plant cell it’s shape

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23
Q

What is a fact about animal cells

A

Most of them are specialised

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24
Q

What does specialised mean

A

When cells are adapted which helps them carry out their particular function

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25
Q

What does it mean when it’s specialised

A

When it because specialise scientists called it differentiation.

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26
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell

A

To join with a ovum (egg)and fertilise it

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27
Q

What is in a sperm cell

A

A long tail to allow them to swim to the ovum
Enzymes which allow themselves to digest their way through the outer layer
Packed full with mitochondria to provide the, with energy for swimming

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28
Q

What is the job of a nerve cell

A

To send electrical impulses around the body

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29
Q

What is job of the axon ?

A

To carry the electrical impulses from one body part to another part

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30
Q

Job of myelin ?

A

It’s insulates the axon and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses

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31
Q

What is the function of synapses ?

A

End of the axon ,the junction that allows the impulse to one nerve cell to another

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32
Q

What is dendrites?

A

Increase surface area so nerve cell can connect more easily

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33
Q

What can muscle cells do ?

A

Contract (get shorter)

34
Q

What is a protein fibre

A

It can change the length in the muscle cell

35
Q

What else does muscle cells have to do?

A

Packed with mitochondria

36
Q

What is the job of mitochondria in muscle cells

A

Give the cell energy for muscle contraction

37
Q

What do muscle cells work together to do ?

A

Create muscle tissue

38
Q

What do hairs increase on a root?

A

Increase surface area so it can absorb water and dissolve minerals quicker

39
Q

What do root hair cells not contain ?

A

Chloroplasts because they are underground and chloroplasts have chlorophyll which is the site of photosynthesis which is impossible without sunlight

40
Q

Where is xylem cells found

A

Found in the stem of the plant

41
Q

What does xylem have and why

A

Xylem has thick walls this is because they contain lignin which helps support the wall

42
Q

Why does the xylem cells usually die

A

Because of the lignin

43
Q

What else do the xylem not have ?

A

They don’t have a nucleus a vacuole ,cytoplasm or chloroplasts

44
Q

What does a phloem cell transport

A

Transports sugars up and down the plant

45
Q

What does phloem vessels cells not have

A

A nucleus

46
Q

What is the companion cell does mitochondria provide

A

Energy to the phloem vessel cell

47
Q

One feature of a microscope

A

A stage ,it is where we place the microscope slide

48
Q

What does the stage have

A

Clips to hold the stage in place

49
Q

A lamp in a microscope

A

Light passes up through the microscope slide

50
Q

What is a stem cell

A

A undifferentiated cell which can give rise to any other cells of the same type and can differentiate to form other types of cells

51
Q

What is diffusion

A

It is the spreading out of particles resulting in net movement from an area of higher concentration to a area of lower concentration

52
Q

Net meaning

A

Overall

53
Q

The greater the concentration gradient the greater what?

A

The quicker diffusion is to take place

54
Q

The higher the temperature in diffusion the?

A

The greater the rate of diffusion

55
Q

Why is it that the temperature affect the rate of diffusion

A

The higher the temperature rate of kinetic energy which improves diffusion also means makes it quicker

56
Q

The larger the surface area the?

A

The greater rate of diffusion

57
Q

Osmosis

A

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a particularly permeable membrane

58
Q

Dilute solutions

A

Contain a high concentration of water

59
Q

Concentrated solution

A

Contain a low concentration of water

60
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane?

A

Allow some molecules to pass through, but not all molecules

61
Q

Osmosis

A

Simply the diffusion of water

62
Q

What does turgid mean?

A

Swollen

63
Q

Shrink

A

Flaccid

64
Q

Active transport

A

Active transport moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentration solution (against the concentration gradient)

65
Q

Active transport requires energy from what ?

A

Respiration

66
Q

Tissue

A

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar functions and structure

67
Q

Organ

A

A group of tissues working together for a specific function

68
Q

Organ systems

A

Organs are grouped into organ systems which work together to form organisms

69
Q

Food contains three main nutrients what are they

A

Carbohydrates ,proteins and lipids

70
Q

Food broken down into smaller molecules by what

A

Enzymes

71
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs what

A

Light energy

72
Q

Equation of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water -> glucose + oxygen
Light

73
Q

Chemical formula equation

A

C02+H20->C6H12O6+02

74
Q

We need energy for ?

A

For chemical reactions to build larger molecules

75
Q

Proteins are made from ?

A

Chemically joining amino acids

76
Q

Respiration is a what

A

Exothermic reaction because energy is being released

77
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Glucose +oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
Energy

78
Q

Aerobic respiration chemical formula

A

C6H1206+02->C02+ H20

79
Q

Anaerobic respiration

A

Glucose ->lactic acid
Energy

80
Q

Anaerobic respiration release more or less than aerobic respiration

A

Less because the oxidation of glucose is incomplete

81
Q

Anaerobic in yeast or plant cells

A

Glucose ->ethanol +carbon dioxide

Biology Paper 1 (1 decks)

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