biology test 7.1-7.2

Question 1

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 1

First to observe bacteria and protozoa.

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

All living organisms are composed of cells.

Question 3

Cell Wall

Answer 3

Rigid structure found in plant cells, maintains shape.

Question 4

Central Vacuole

Answer 4

Maintains rigidity in plant cells when filled.

Question 5

Centrosomes

Answer 5

Organizing center for microtubules in animal cells.

Question 6

Chloroplast

Answer 6

Organelles that convert light energy into carbohydrates.

Question 7

Cristae

Answer 7

attaches o the mitochondria and stores the enzymes for chemical reactions

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

Genetic material found in eukaryotic cells. made with DNA wrapped aorund protein

Question 9

Electron Microscope

Answer 9

Uses electron vacuum; cannot observe living specimens.

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 10

Internal membrane system for protein and substance transport.

Question 11

Eukaryotic Cells

Answer 11

Organisms with cells that enclose their nucleus. ex - animal cells

Question 12

Free Ribosomes

Answer 12

Ribosomes that remain in the cytoplasm. used within the organelles’ and to build orgenelles

Question 13

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 13

Processes and sorts proteins; modifies received proteins. modifies received protein in the liquid that is inside of it

Question 14

Light Microscope

Answer 14

Magnifies images using multiple lenses, low resolution.

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

Contain enzymes to break down waste materials.

Question 16

Matthias Schleiden

Answer 16

Proposed all plants are made of cells.

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

produces energy via a chemical reaction firing off inside the cells. has some of its own DNA.

Question 18

Nucleolus

Answer 18

Site for pre assembled ribosmoes to be stored

Question 19

Nucleus

Answer 19

Controls cell functions and contains DNA.

Question 20

Permeable

Answer 20

Allows selective passage of substances.

Question 21

Plasma Membrane

Answer 21

Outer cell membrane separating internal and external environments.

Question 22

Prokaryotic Cells

Answer 22

Single-celled organisms without enclosed nucleus. ex - bactera

Question 23

Ribosomes

Answer 23

the basis of protein that cells use to build protein

Question 24

Robert Hooke

Answer 24

Discovered cells using a cork and microscope.

Question 25

Rough ER

Answer 25

ER with ribosomes synthesizing proteins for export.

Question 26

Rudolf Virchow

Answer 26

Proposed all cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 27

Smooth ER

Answer 27

ER involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis. chemical reaction speed this up

Question 28

Theodore Schwann

Answer 28

Claimed all animals are composed of cells.

Question 29

Vesicles

Answer 29

Membrane-bound sacs transporting substances within cells. I.e - transports proteins from the rough er to the golgi apparatus

Question 30

Vacuole

Answer 30

stores water like water sails proteins and carbs