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Grade 10 Science > Biology Test > Flashcards

Biology Test Flashcards

1
Q

Cell membrane

A

controls what leaves and enters the cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Holds and cushions and organelles

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center, manages cell activities

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4
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

controls what enters the nucleus

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5
Q

Nucleolus

A

RNA stored here

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6
Q

vacuoles

A

storage for nutrients

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7
Q

vesicle

A

transports substances

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

converts glucose into energy

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9
Q

golgi appartus

A

sorts protein and other substances

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10
Q

lysosomes

A

digests food and destroys harmful substances

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

transports materials made in the center of cell to cell membrane

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12
Q

ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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13
Q

centriole

A

to help with cell division in animal cells

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14
Q

chromatin

A

Uncondensed DNA that’s involved in reproduction

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15
Q

cell wall

A

gives structural support only in plants

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16
Q

chloroplast

A

used to capture suns energy

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17
Q

rough er

A

produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

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18
Q

smooth er

A

the ser is generally used in creation/storage of lipids and steroids

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19
Q

interphase

A

cells spend 90% of their time here collecting nutrients/duplicate DNA

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20
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes become visible, centrioles move towards poles

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21
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up along the equator

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22
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosomes split in center, spindle fibres guide to poles

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23
Q

telophase

A

Chromosomes reach poles, two cells appear

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24
Q

cellular respiration

A

occurs in the mitochondria in both plants and animal cells
Reactants- glucose + oxygen
Products- Carbon dioxide + water + energy

25
chromatin
uncondensed DNA found during (interphase long strands)
26
chromatids
Two identical copies of DNA formed during DNA replication
27
chromosomes
Condensed form of chromatin during cell division shaped like X
28
centromere
A region where chromatids are held together during cell division
29
cancer : Metastasis
When cancer spreads to other parts of the body through blood or lymph, forming new tumors in vital organs. The spread of cancer cells from their original location to other parts of the body.
30
diffusion
movement of molecules from high to low concentration
31
osmosis
movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration
32
digestive system main organs/structures
Mouth (teeth, tongue) Epiglottis Esophagus Stomach Pancreas Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) Large intestine (colon, rectum, anus) Liver Gallbladder Rectum Anus
33
respiratory system main organs and strucures
Nasal cavity or mouth Pharynx and larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli Capillaries
34
circulatory system main organs and structures
Heart Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries Blood Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (optional in detail)
35
arteries
Description: Thick, elastic walls; narrow lumen Function: Carry oxygenated blood from the heart (except pulmonary arteries). Location: Deep in tissues (e.g., aorta, carotid artery)
36
veins
Description: This walls; wide lumen; have valves Function: Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary veins). Location: Near the skin or deeper (e.g., vena cava)
37
capillaries
Description: Very thin walls; one cell thick. Function: Exchange gases, nutrients, and waste. Location: In all tissues, connecting arteries and veins.
38
red blood cells
Description: Small, biconcave cells; no nucleus. Function: Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. Location: Found in blood.
39
white blood cells
Description: Larger than RBCs; have nuclei. Function: Fight infections; provide immunity. Location: In blood and tissues.
40
plasma
Description: Yellow liquid; 55% of blood. Function: Transports nutrients, hormones, and waste. Location: Suspends blood cells.
41
platelets
Description: Small cell fragments. Function: Help blood clotting. Location: In blood; activate at injuries.
42
purpose of hemoglobin
Description: Iron-containing protein in RBCs. Function: Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide. Location: Inside red blood cells
43
pancreas
Function: Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate. Role: Breaks down fats, proteins, and carbs; neutralizes stomach acid.
44
liver
Function: Produces bile. Role: Helps digest fats and processes nutrients.
45
gallbladder
Function: Stores and releases bile. Role: Emulsifies fats for easier digestion.
46
roles of villi in nutrient absorption
Description: Tiny finger-like structures in the small intestine. Function: Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients into blood. ole: Transport nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.
47
mouth
chewing and saliva start digestion
48
esophagus
moves food to stomach via peristalsis (involuntary muscle contractions)
49
stomach
mixes food with acid and enzymes
50
small intestine
absorbs nutrients, bile and enzymes help digestion
51
large intestine
absorbs water; waste forms.
52
peristalsis
ensures food moves smoothly through the system
53
cilia
tiny hair like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of airways
54
mucus
traps dust, bacteria, and other particles to keep airways clean
55
alveoli
small air sacs in the lungs with thin walls, allows oxygen to move into blood and carbon dioxide to leave. Main site of gas exchange with capillaries
56
gas exchange
Occurs in alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between air and blood.
57
mechanism of breathing (involuntary)
Control: Regulated by the brainstem (medulla oblongata). Process: Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during inhalation. Chest cavity expands, drawing air in. Muscles relax during exhalation, pushing air out. Involuntary: Happens automatically to maintain oxygen levels.
58

Grade 10 Science (1 decks)

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