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Grade 10 Science > Biology Test > Flashcards

Biology Test Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell membrane

A

controls what leaves and enters the cell

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2
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Holds and cushions and organelles

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center, manages cell activities

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4
Q

Nuclear membrane

A

controls what enters the nucleus

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5
Q

Nucleolus

A

RNA stored here

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6
Q

vacuoles

A

storage for nutrients

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7
Q

vesicle

A

transports substances

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8
Q

mitochondria

A

converts glucose into energy

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9
Q

golgi appartus

A

sorts protein and other substances

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10
Q

lysosomes

A

digests food and destroys harmful substances

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11
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

transports materials made in the center of cell to cell membrane

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12
Q

ribosomes

A

makes proteins

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13
Q

centriole

A

to help with cell division in animal cells

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14
Q

chromatin

A

Uncondensed DNA that’s involved in reproduction

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15
Q

cell wall

A

gives structural support only in plants

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16
Q

chloroplast

A

used to capture suns energy

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17
Q

rough er

A

produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function

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18
Q

smooth er

A

the ser is generally used in creation/storage of lipids and steroids

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19
Q

interphase

A

cells spend 90% of their time here collecting nutrients/duplicate DNA

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20
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes become visible, centrioles move towards poles

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21
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes line up along the equator

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22
Q

Anaphase

A

chromosomes split in center, spindle fibres guide to poles

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23
Q

telophase

A

Chromosomes reach poles, two cells appear

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24
Q

cellular respiration

A

occurs in the mitochondria in both plants and animal cells
Reactants- glucose + oxygen
Products- Carbon dioxide + water + energy

25
Q

chromatin

A

uncondensed DNA found during (interphase long strands)

26
Q

chromatids

A

Two identical copies of DNA formed during DNA replication

27
Q

chromosomes

A

Condensed form of chromatin during cell division shaped like X

28
Q

centromere

A

A region where chromatids are held together during cell division

29
Q

cancer : Metastasis

A

When cancer spreads to other parts of the body through blood or lymph, forming new tumors in vital organs. The spread of cancer cells from their original location to other parts of the body.

30
Q

diffusion

A

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

31
Q

osmosis

A

movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

32
Q

digestive system main organs/structures

A

Mouth (teeth, tongue)
Epiglottis
Esophagus
Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum)
Large intestine (colon, rectum, anus)
Liver
Gallbladder
Rectum
Anus

33
Q

respiratory system main organs and strucures

A

Nasal cavity or mouth
Pharynx and larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries

34
Q

circulatory system main organs and structures

A

Heart
Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries
Blood
Lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes (optional in detail)

35
Q

arteries

A

Description: Thick, elastic walls; narrow lumen
Function: Carry oxygenated blood from the heart (except pulmonary arteries).
Location: Deep in tissues (e.g., aorta, carotid artery)

36
Q

veins

A

Description: This walls; wide lumen; have valves
Function: Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart (except pulmonary veins).
Location: Near the skin or deeper (e.g., vena cava)

37
Q

capillaries

A

Description: Very thin walls; one cell thick.
Function: Exchange gases, nutrients, and waste.
Location: In all tissues, connecting arteries and veins.

38
Q

red blood cells

A

Description: Small, biconcave cells; no nucleus.
Function: Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Location: Found in blood.

39
Q

white blood cells

A

Description: Larger than RBCs; have nuclei.
Function: Fight infections; provide immunity.
Location: In blood and tissues.

40
Q

plasma

A

Description: Yellow liquid; 55% of blood.
Function: Transports nutrients, hormones, and waste.
Location: Suspends blood cells.

41
Q

platelets

A

Description: Small cell fragments.
Function: Help blood clotting.
Location: In blood; activate at injuries.

42
Q

purpose of hemoglobin

A

Description: Iron-containing protein in RBCs.
Function: Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Location: Inside red blood cells

43
Q

pancreas

A

Function: Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate.
Role: Breaks down fats, proteins, and carbs; neutralizes stomach acid.

44
Q

liver

A

Function: Produces bile.
Role: Helps digest fats and processes nutrients.

45
Q

gallbladder

A

Function: Stores and releases bile.
Role: Emulsifies fats for easier digestion.

46
Q

roles of villi in nutrient absorption

A

Description: Tiny finger-like structures in the small intestine.
Function: Increase surface area for absorption of nutrients into blood.
ole: Transport nutrients like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.

47
Q

mouth

A

chewing and saliva start digestion

48
Q

esophagus

A

moves food to stomach via peristalsis (involuntary muscle contractions)

49
Q

stomach

A

mixes food with acid and enzymes

50
Q

small intestine

A

absorbs nutrients, bile and enzymes help digestion

51
Q

large intestine

A

absorbs water; waste forms.

52
Q

peristalsis

A

ensures food moves smoothly through the system

53
Q

cilia

A

tiny hair like structures that move mucus and trapped particles out of airways

54
Q

mucus

A

traps dust, bacteria, and other particles to keep airways clean

55
Q

alveoli

A

small air sacs in the lungs with thin walls, allows oxygen to move into blood and carbon dioxide to leave. Main site of gas exchange with capillaries

56
Q

gas exchange

A

Occurs in alveoli, where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between air and blood.

57
Q

mechanism of breathing (involuntary)

A

Control: Regulated by the brainstem (medulla oblongata).
Process:
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract during inhalation.
Chest cavity expands, drawing air in.
Muscles relax during exhalation, pushing air out.
Involuntary: Happens automatically to maintain oxygen levels.

58
Q
A

Grade 10 Science (1 decks)

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