Biology test Flashcards
What are eukaryotic cells?
a particular type of cells that contains its DNA inside a nucleus
Examples of Eukaryotic cells:
-Animal cells
-Plant cells
-Fungi
-Protist
What does the cell membrane do?
Controls the passage of substances such as glucose and mineral ions into the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
A liquid gel, where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place
What does the nucleus do?
Contains genetic material, that carries instructions for making new proteins. Controls all activities of the cell
What are ribosomes?
The site of the protein synthesis (making proteins)
What is the mitochondria?
The site of aerobic respiration, releasing energy for the cell
What happens with the plant cells?
-They make their own food (photosynthesis)
-Cells are usually larger that the animal cells
-Contain a few more sub-cellular structures (chloroplasts, cell wall and permanent vacuole)
What does chloroplast contain?
Contain a green substance called chlorophyll, that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What does the cell wall do?
Strengthens and supports the cell. Made of cellulose
What is the permanent vacuole function?
Filled with cell sap to keep the cell turgid
Examples of Prokaryotic cells:
-Bacteria
-Cyanobacteria
What happens with prokaryotic cells?
-They don’t contain genetic material inside a nucleus
-Genetic material is found free in the cytoplasm
-Much smaller than eukaryotic cells
Sub-cellular structure of general bacteria:
-Cell wall
-Plasmids
-Flagella (not always)
-Ribosomes
-Slime capsule (not always)
-Genetic material
-Cytoplasm
-Cell membrane
What is the genetic material (of bacteria)?
The bacterial chromosome is a single DNA loop not contained in the nucleus
