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Biology Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Compound Light Microscope

A

A type of microscope that uses visible light and lenses to produce a magnified image.

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2
Q

A type of microscope that uses visible light and lenses to produce a magnified image.

A

Compound Light Microscope

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3
Q

Electron Microscope

A

A microscope that utilizes electrons in a way that produces a magnified image of the specimen.

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4
Q

A microscope that utilizes electrons in a way that produces a magnified image of the specimen.

A

Electron Microscope

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5
Q

Prokaryotic Cell

A

Cells without a nucleus and organelles.

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6
Q

Cells without a nucleus and organelles.

A

Prokaryotic Cell

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7
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

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8
Q

Cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes.

A

Eukaryotic Cell

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9
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Long supporting network of protein fibers.

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10
Q

Long supporting network of protein fibers.

A

Cytoskeleton

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11
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Helps monitor what enters and leaves the cell.

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12
Q

Helps monitor what enters and leaves the cell.

A

Plasma Membrane

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13
Q

Phospholipid Bilayer

A

The thing that the plasma membrane is composed of.

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14
Q

The thing that the plasma membrane is composed of.

A

Phospholipid Bilayer

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15
Q

Transport Protein

A

Moves needed substances and waste through the plasma membrane.

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16
Q

Moves needed substances and waste through the plasma membrane.

A

Transport Protein

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17
Q

Organelle

A

A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.

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18
Q

A subcellular structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell, much like an organ does in the body.

A

Organelle

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19
Q

Selectively Permeable

A

The property of a membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others.

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20
Q

The property of a membrane that allows some substances to pass through but not others.

A

Selectively Permeable

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21
Q

Diffusion

A

Process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

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22
Q

Process resulting from random motion of molecules by which there is a net flow of matter from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

A

Diffusion

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23
Q

Dynamic Equilibrium

A

A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.

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24
Q

A system in a steady state since forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.

A

Dynamic Equilibrium

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25
Q

Passive Transport

A

A type of cellular transport in which substances such as ions and molecules move down their respective concentration gradients.

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26
Q

A type of cellular transport in which substances such as ions and molecules move down their respective concentration gradients.

A

Passive Transport

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27
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

The passive movement of substances, such as biological molecules or ions, across a plasma membrane by means of a transport protein located in the plasma membrane.

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28
Q

The passive movement of substances, such as biological molecules or ions, across a plasma membrane by means of a transport protein located in the plasma membrane.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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29
Q

Active Transport

A

A type of cellular transport in which substances (e.g. ions, glucose, and amino acids) are transported across a biological membrane towards the region that already contains a lot of such substances.

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30
Q

A type of cellular transport in which substances (e.g. ions, glucose, and amino acids) are transported across a biological membrane towards the region that already contains a lot of such substances.

A

Active Transport

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31
Q

Isotonic

A

A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood.

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32
Q

A solution that has the same salt concentration as cells and blood.

A

Isotonic

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33
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution that contains more dissolved particles

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34
Q

A solution that contains more dissolved particles

A

Hypertonic

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35
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution outside of a cell.

36
Q

A solution outside of a cell.

A

Hypotonic

37
Q

Osmosis

A

The transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions of differing solute concentration

38
Q

The transport of a solvent through a semipermeable membrane that separates two solutions of differing solute concentration

A

Osmosis

39
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

The minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

40
Q

The minimum pressure applied to a solution to stop the flow of solvent molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

A

Osmotic Pressure

41
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

42
Q

The process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle.

A

Endocytosis

43
Q

Cell Theory

A
  1. All living things are comprised of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
  3. Cells come from previously existing cells.
44
Q
  1. All living things are comprised of cells.
  2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in a living thing.
  3. Cells come from previously existing cells.
A

Cell Theory

45
Q

Order of discoveries that lead to cell theory

A
  1. All Plants are made of Cells
  2. All animals are made of Cells
  3. All Cells come from existing Cells
46
Q
  1. All Plants are made of Cells
  2. All animals are made of Cells
  3. All Cells come from existing Cells
A

Order of discoveries that lead to cell theory

47
Q

Cell Organization for Eukaryotic Cell

A

The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm (fluid portion of the cell).

48
Q

The eukaryotic cell can be divided into two major parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm (fluid portion of the cell).

A

Cell Organization for Eukaryotic Cell

49
Q

Cell Organization for Prokaryotic Cells

A

Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm as well, even though they do not have a nucleus.

50
Q

Prokaryotic cells have cytoplasm as well, even though they do not have a nucleus.

A

Cell Organization for Prokaryotic Cells

51
Q

Nucleus

A
  1. Control center of the cell.
  2. Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
52
Q
  1. Control center of the cell.
  2. Contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules.
A

Nucleus

53
Q

What is the nucleus surrounded by?

A

The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear envelope composed of two membranes.

54
Q

What does the nuclear envelope include?

A

The nuclear envelope is dotted with thousands of nuclear pores, which allow material to move into and out of the nucleus.

55
Q

What do Chromosomes contain?

A

Chromosomes contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.

56
Q

What happens when a cell divides?

A

When a cell divides, its chromosomes condense and can be seen under a microscope.

57
Q

What do most Nuclei contain?

A

Most nuclei contain a small, dense region known as the nucleolus.

58
Q

Nucleolus

A

Where the assembly of Ribosomes begins.

59
Q

Where the assembly of Ribosomes begins.

A

Nucleolus

60
Q

Vacuoles

A

The parts of the cell that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

61
Q

The parts of the cell that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

A

Vacuoles

62
Q

What do many plant cells have?

A

In many plant cells, there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid. The pressure of the central vacuole in these cells increases their rigidity, making it possible for plants to support heavy structures such as leaves and flowers.

63
Q

What do nearly all Eukaryotic Cells contain?

A

Nearly all eukaryotic cells contain smaller membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles.

64
Q

Vesicles

A

Used to store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.

65
Q

Used to store and move materials between cell organelles, as well as to and from the cell surface.

A

Vesicles

66
Q

Lysosomes

A
  1. Removes “junk” that might otherwise accumulate and clutter up the cell.
  2. Breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
  3. Breaks down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
67
Q
  1. Removes “junk” that might otherwise accumulate and clutter up the cell.
  2. Breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.
  3. Breaks down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.
A

Lysosomes

68
Q

Cytoskeleton

A
  1. Gives eukaryotes their shape and internal organization
  2. Made of a network of protein filaments
  3. Helps to transport materials between different parts of the cell
  4. Microfilaments and microtubules are two of the principal protein filaments that make up the cytoskeleton.
69
Q
  1. Gives eukaryotes their shape and internal organization
  2. Made of a network of protein filaments
  3. Helps to transport materials between different parts of the cell
  4. Microfilaments and microtubules are two of the principal protein filaments that make up this.
A

Cytoskeleton

70
Q

Centrioles

A
  1. Centrioles are located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
  2. Centrioles are not found in plant cells.
71
Q
  1. Located near the nucleus and help to organize cell division.
  2. Are not found in plant cells.
A

Centrioles

72
Q

Ribosomes

A
  1. Ribosomes are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells.
  2. Ribosomes produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from DNA.
73
Q
  1. Are small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells.
  2. Produce proteins by following coded instructions that come from DNA.
A

Ribosomes

74
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

The portion of the ER involved in the synthesis of proteins.

75
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Performs specialized tasks, including the synthesis of membrane lipids and the detoxification of drugs.

76
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A
  1. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
  2. From the Golgi apparatus, proteins are “shipped” to their final destination inside or outside the cell.
77
Q
  1. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.
  2. From this, proteins are “shipped” to their final destination inside or outside the cell.
A

Golgi Apparatus

78
Q

Chloroplasts

A
  1. Captures the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
  2. Contains green pigment
79
Q
  1. Captures the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.
  2. Contains green pigment
A

Chloroplasts

80
Q

Mitochondria

A

The power plants of the cell. They convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

81
Q

The power plants of the cell. They convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

A

Mitochondria

82
Q

Cell Membranes

A

All cells contain a cell membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.

83
Q

All cells contain this, that regulates what enters and leaves the cell and also protects and supports the cell.

A

Cell Membranes

84
Q

Cell Walls

A
  1. The main function of the cell wall is to provide support and protection for the cell.
  2. Prokaryotes, plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes have cell walls. Animal cells do not have cell walls.
85
Q
  1. The main function of this is to provide support and protection for the cell.
  2. Prokaryotes, plants, algae, fungi, and many prokaryotes have cell walls. Animal cells do not have this.
A

Cell Walls

Biology (2 decks)

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