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Science: Biology > Biology Test > Flashcards

Biology Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Histology?

A

study of tissues

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2
Q

What are cells?

A

specialized to perform a task

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3
Q

What are tissues?

A

a group of cells performing the same task

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4
Q

What are organs?

A

collection of tissues to perform a complex task

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5
Q

What are organ systems?

A

collection of organs completing complex task

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6
Q

How many types of Animal Tissues are there? Name them.

A

1) Muscle Tissue
2) Epithelial Tissue
3) Nervous Tissue
4) Connective Tissue

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7
Q

How many types of Muscle Tissue are there? Name them.

A

1) Skeletal
2) Smooth
3) Cardiac

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8
Q

What is the function of Skeletal Muscle and where is it found?

A

1) change shape by shortening or lengthening to permit movement in the body
2) found attached to/around bones

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9
Q

What is the function of Smooth muscle and where is it found?

A

1) help move things along due to their ability to contract slowly over time
2) found in inner walls of organs like stomach, esophagus, and blood vessels

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10
Q

What is the function of Cardiac muscle and where is it found?

A

1) Contract as a unit to beat the heart in order to circulate blood
2) found only in the heart

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11
Q

How many types of Epithelial Tissue are there?

A

1) skin epithelia

2) columnar epithelia

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12
Q

What is the function of skin epithelia and where is it found?

A

1) Forms thin, flat sheets to act as a barrier between the outside and inside of the body
2) Protective and flexible
3) in skin

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13
Q

What is the function of columnar epithelia and where is it found?

A

1) Secretes mucus, absorbs material or uses cilia to move up and down
2) line organs that use glands like the stomach and intestines

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14
Q

How many types of nervous tissue is there?Name them.

A

one, its just nervous tissue

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15
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

receive and transfer signals to coordinate body actions

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16
Q

What type of cell is nervous tissue made of?

A

Neurons

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17
Q

What is the function of Neurons?

A

1) Send signals or relay information

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18
Q

What structures help Neurons communicate?

A

dendrites: enter
axon: exit

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19
Q

How many types of connective tissue are there? Name them.

A

1) Bone
2) Fat
3) Blood

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20
Q

What is the function of bone tissue? What is it made of?

A

1) Provides movement, support, and protection for the animal

2) made of calcium hardened tissue, osteocytes

21
Q

What is the function of fat tissue? What is it made of?

A

1) under the skin and around organs as padding protection
2) stores energy and provides insulation
made of fat cells like adipose and lipocytes, filled with just fat

22
Q

How many types of blood cells are there? Name them

A

1) Red
2) White
3) Platelets

23
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

transports nutrients and oxygens to other cells and organs

24
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Attacks foreign cells like bacteria or viruses

25
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Causes clots to stop bleeding

26
Q

What is the smallest bone and largest bone in the body? State their length and location

A

1) Smallest: stirrup bone, 3mm, in ear

2) Largest: femur, 20 in, hip to knee

27
Q

Which is the largest organ?

A

skin

28
Q

What are the layers of skin? Name them and the type of tissue they are made of.

A

1) epidermis: epithelial cells

2) dermis: connective, nervous, and muscular tissue

29
Q

Why do normal cells differentiate?

A

so they can perform different functions

30
Q

What is the difference between stem cells and meristem cells?

A

1) stem cells are found in animals

2) meristem cells are found in plants

31
Q

What are the types of permanent unspecialized cells that enable organisms to grow and repair?

A

Stem cells and meristem cells

32
Q

Explain the stages of stem cell development

A

1) As embryo: totipotent, can become any human cell in organism
2) As embryo develops: pluripotent, can become many types of cells in organism
3) After birth: adult stem cell, can only produce a specific type of cell within an organ. Ex: bone marrow stem cells can only repair bone

33
Q

What do medical treatments regarding stem cells do?

A

transplant donor cells into patient who cannot repair and replace their cells themselves, allows growth of new and healthy cells

34
Q

What are the types of Meristem tissues and their functions?

A

1) root apical: found in tips of roots so they can grow
2) shoot apical: found in buds so plant can grow taller/grow new leaves
3) lateral: increase thickness of plant

35
Q

What are the types of plant tissues? Name them.

A

1) dermal
2) ground
3) vascular

36
Q

What is the function of dermal tissue in plants? Give an example

A

1) protects inner tissues from outside
2) gas and water exchange
3) Ex: stomata: pores in leaves that control flow of gas exchange

37
Q

What is the function of ground tissue in plants? Give an example

A

1) Photosynthesis
2) Physical support
3) Storage (water, sugars)
palisade and mesophyll tissues (made of photosynthetic cells)

38
Q

What is the function of vascular tissue in plants? Give examples

A

1) Physical Support
2) Transports water, nutrients, sugars throughout plant
Phloem: transports sugars
Xylem: transports water and minerals

39
Q

How many plant organs are there? Name them.

A

1) stem
2) flower
3) roots
4) leaves

40
Q

What is the function of the stem?

A

1) Support

2) Transport water, nutrients, sugar

41
Q

What is the function of the leaves?

A

1) surface area for photosynthesis

2) gas and water exchange

42
Q

What is the function of the flower?

A

Reproductive organ

43
Q

What is the function of the roots?

A

1) Anchor plant to ground
2) Storage of sugar
3) intake water

44
Q

What are two types of roots? Give an example of each.

A

1) taproot (less dense looking): carrot

2) fibrous root (more dense looking): grass

45
Q

How many organ systems are there in a plant? Name them.

A

1) shoot system (above ground)

2) root system (underground)

46
Q

What is the function of the shoot system?

A

Responsible for supporting the plant, photosynthesis, and transport

47
Q

What is the function of the root system?

A

Responsible for taking in water and minerals from the soil

48
Q

How and in which direction does water move through a plant?

A

Water is absorbed by roots from soil and moves UP the plant

49
Q

How and in which direction does sugar move through a plant?

A

Photosynthesis → glucose and sucrose

Sucrose dissolved in water and moves DOWN the plant by phloem, stored in roots as starch

Science: Biology (1 decks)

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