Biology Test 1 Mistakes Flashcards
Name the constituent monosaccharides of the following disaccharides.
- Sucrose
- Maltose
- Lactose
(3)
- Alpha Glucose and Fructose
- Alpha Glucose and Alpha Glucose
- Beta Glucose and Galactose
Describe how an ester bond is formed in a phospholipid molecule (2)
- Condensation Reaction
- Between Fatty Acid and Glycerol groups
Raffinose is a trisaccharide of three monosaccharides. Give the molecular formula of raffinose. (1)
- Galactose [C6H12O6]
- Glucose [C6H12O6]
- Fructose[C6H12O6]
Since 2 molecules of H2O are lost due to the trisaccharide bonding, the formula is C18H32O16.
Describe a non-reducing test of a sugar. (3)
- Add acid and neutralize
(HCL to hydrolyze the bonds, NaHCO3 to neutralize the solution) - Add benedict’s reagent and heat/mix in water bath
- Positive test will range in a gradient from green (trace) to brick-red (high concentration)
Name the constituent monosaccharides of the following disaccharides:
-Sucrose
-Lactose
-Maltose
(3)
- a-glucose and Fructose
- b-glucose and Galactose
- a-glucose and a-glucose
How is an ester bond formed in a phospholipid molecule? (2)
- Condensation Reaction
- Between **Glycerol and Fatty Acid ** group
If raffinose is a trisaccharide of the monosaccharides below, what is the chemical formula for raffinose? (1)
- Galactose = C 6 H 12 O 6
-Glucose = C 6 H 12 O 6
- Fructose = C 6 H 12 O 6
C18H32O16, as 2 H2Os are lost in condensation reaction.
Describe a test to identify non-reducing sugars in solution. (3)
- Add acid and neutralize
(HCL hydrolyzes the bonds, NaHCO3 neutralizes the solution) - Mix and heat with Benedict’s
- Positive Test is gradient from green (trace amounts) to brick-red (large amounts)
Outline all you know.
Describe the structure of proteins. (5)
- Primary structure is a polymer of amino acids joined by peptide bonds through condensation reactions in a specific sequence of amino acids
- Secondary Structure forms due to *H-bonds between layers *of the polypeptide chain (forms a-helices, b-pleated sheets)
- Tertiary Structures due to the further folding of sheets, resulting in H-bonds, Disulfide Bonds and Ionic bonds between layers.
- Quaternary Structure only made from proteins with more than 1 polypeptide chain
Outline all you know.
Explain the difference in the structure of a starch molecule with a cellulose molecule. (2)
- Starch made from a-glucose, Cellulose from b-glucose
- Positions of hydrogen and hydroxyl groups on Carbon 1 inverted
State the obvious.
Explain how starch is adapted for their function. (2)
- Easy to store
- Coiled/Helical and Compact
- Cannot leave the cell
- Insoluble; No effect on water potential
- Large Molecule
Explain how cellulose is adapted for functionality in cells. (3)
- Long, straight chains of cellulose molecules (forming microfibrils)
- Linked by many crosslinked H-bonds across microfibrils to form fibrils
- Provides strength to cell wall
Say all you know.
How is an ATP molecule formed by it’s component molecules? (4)
- Made from Adenine, Ribose and Three Phosphates (2)
- Condensation Reaction
- By ATP Synthase
DEFINE THE COMPONENT MOLECULES!!!!!
- Remember: Hydrolase is breaking down, Synthase is building up
Describe the structure of DNA (5)
- Polymer of nucleotides
- Each nucleotide made from a deoxyribose pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base
- Phosphodiester bonds form backbone of DNA
- Double Helix structure HELD BY HYDROGEN BONDS
- Hydrogen complimentary base pairing ; Adenine to Thymine, Cytosine to Guanine
Specify EVERYTHING; Do not leave anything and abbreviate anything.
