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science grade 10 > Biology test #1 > Flashcards

Biology test #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Key term : Biological Organization

A

Structures and systems found in animals and plants

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2
Q

Key term : Atom

A

Smallest piece/ particle of matter

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3
Q

Key term : Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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4
Q

Key term : Organelle

A

Many molecules arranged to create a specialized compartment in a cell with a specific function

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5
Q

key term : cell

A

numerous organelles assemble together to create the smallest unit of life

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6
Q

key term : tissue

A

group of similar cells which cooperate to perform a function

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7
Q

Key term : organ

A

serval different tissues working together to perform a function

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8
Q

key term : organ system

A

Group of organs working together to perform a function

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9
Q

key term : organism

A

requires several organ systems to maintain life

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10
Q

Function of Nucleus

A

for controlling cell activity : contains DNA, gives directions to the cell

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11
Q

Function of vacuole

A

For food digestion and making energy : Stores food and water

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12
Q

function of Lysosome

A

for food digestion and making energy : Digests food, bacteria and waste

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13
Q

function of mitochondria

A

For food digestion and making energy : makes energy

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14
Q

function of chloroplast

A

for food digestion and energy : creates sugar from sun energy - photosynthesis (plants only)

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15
Q

function of cell and nuclear membrane

A

for structure and support : encloses cell and nucleus. maintains shape and protects

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16
Q

function of cell wall

A

for structure and support : protects cell, maintains shape (plant cell only)

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17
Q

function of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

A

for structure and support : suspends organelles and DNA

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18
Q

Function of Ribosomes

A

for making proteins : makes proteins

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19
Q

function of Rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

for making proteins : modifies proteins

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20
Q

function of Golgi body/apparatus

A

for making proteins : packs and sends proteins where needed

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21
Q

key term : Microscopes

A

Lab equipment used to examine small objects too small to see with the naked eye

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22
Q

part of microscope : ocular lens

A
  • what you look through
  • eye pieces
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23
Q

part of microscope : arm

A
  • joins the base to the the head and eye piece tube to the base
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24
Q

part of microscope : revolving nose piece

A
  • holds 2 or more objective lenses and to rotate easily
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25
part of microscope : objective lenses
- low, medium, high power - captures and refracts the light reflected from an objective
26
part of microscope : stage clips
hold the specimen in place
27
part of microscope : Stages
where specimen is placed for observation
28
part of microscope : coarse/fine adjustment knob
raises and lowers the stage to focus specimen
29
Part of microscope : Diaphragm
to control amount of light reaching the specimen
30
part of microscope : light
shining light on the object on the slides (specimen)
31
part of microscope : Base
supports microscope
32
Part of microscope : condenser
concentrates the light that shows the specimen
33
Key term : cell division
the process where one cells divides to create 2 'daughter' cells
34
key term : Zygotes
one cell
35
key term : asexual reproduction
parent organism generates off-spring (child) identical to itself mostly for single celled organisms but some multicellular organisms
36
key term : cell cycle
the process in which cells divid. growth, copying of organelles and DNA
37
the cell cycle : Interphases
- spends most time - prepares for cell division
38
the cell cycle : G1 + G2 phase
- cells grows - produces extra organelles - in animal cells centrioles copy
39
the cell cycle : S phase
- Cell copies DNA - each original piece of DNA is attached to copied piece of DNA with a centromere - the original and copied are called sister chromatids
40
The Cell Cycle : Mitotic phase - Prophase
- DNA (chromatin) condenses into chromosomes - nuclear membrane is broken down - centrioles start to move to opposite poles and produce spindle fibres
41
the cell cycle : Metaphase
- Centrioles reach opposite poles - spindle fibres attach to centromeres - chromosome align along equator
42
the cell cycle : Anaphase
- spindle fibres pull sister chromatids of chromosomes apart
43
the cell cycle : telophase
- spindle fibres pull chromosomes to opposite poles - (animal) cleavage furrow starts to pinch in the cell membrane
44
the cell cycle: Cytokinesis
- spindle fibres are broken down - nuclear membrane reforms - cleavage furrow pinches cell in 2 - chromosomes condenses back into chromatin
45
key term : sister chromatids
pair of identical chromatins formed during interphase
46
key term : Chromatin
- thread like DNA and will condense into chromosomes
47
key term : chromosomes
- comes from chromatin - consist of DNA complexed with proteins "roman noodles"
48
Key term : Spindle Fibres
- comes from centrioles - pulls cells apart - attach to centromeres and align along equator - divides genetic material
49
key term : equator
- chromosomes align along - the middle of the cell during Metaphase
50
key term : cleavage furrow
- starts during telophase - during animal celling it starts pinching in - pinches cell in 2
51
Key term : cancer
Disease involving abnormal cell division - too fast - not when suppose too
52
what is the order of organization
1. atom 2. molecules 3. organelles 4. cells 5. tissue 6. organs 7. organ systems 8. organismes.
53
what organelle is only in animal cells
centrioles lysosomes
54
what organelle is only in plant cells
chloroplast cell wall
55
the use of microscopes
- use adjustment knobs to raises and lowers stage * coarse adjustment knobs - bigger - raises it quick * fine adjustment knob - smaller - raises it lowers - always low - high power - use diaphragm to change amount of light - ocular lense facing out, low objective lens facing stage, stage all the way down
56
calculating total magnification
- compound light microscopes magnifies with ocular lens and objective - multiply both to find total magnification
57
estimating size of specimen
Field of view (FOV) visible area low - 5 mm medium - 2 mm high - o.5 mm to estimate FOV diameter/number of times object fits
58
rules for biological diagrams
- labels on the right - lowercase letters - aligned vertically - no arrows - no lines crossing - no shading for colouring - sharp lines
59
why do cells divide
- for making tissues and organ in multicellular organisms - replacement of damaged or dead cells
60
what uses asexual reproduction
- single celled organisms - some multicellular - plants, hydra
61
stages in order of cell cycle
Interphase 1. G1 phase 2. S phase 3. G2 phase Mitotic (m) Phase 1. Mitosis Phase a) Prophase b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase 2. cytokinesis
62
Identify cancer cells
- misshaped nucleus - changes the way cells connect
63
characteristic of cancer cells
- mutation in DNA - Divide when not suppose too - move to other areas quickly change in appearance and arrangement
64
how to spell DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
65
how many cells die everyday in one person
approx. 300 billion
66
who is Robert Hooke
first person to describe a cell
67
who is Camille Golgi
discovered the Golgi apparatus
68
what are medical illustrators jobs
they draw biological diagrams as a job
69

science grade 10 (3 decks)

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