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science grade 10 > Biology test #1 > Flashcards

Biology test #1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Key term : Biological Organization

A

Structures and systems found in animals and plants

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2
Q

Key term : Atom

A

Smallest piece/ particle of matter

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3
Q

Key term : Molecule

A

2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

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4
Q

Key term : Organelle

A

Many molecules arranged to create a specialized compartment in a cell with a specific function

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5
Q

key term : cell

A

numerous organelles assemble together to create the smallest unit of life

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6
Q

key term : tissue

A

group of similar cells which cooperate to perform a function

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7
Q

Key term : organ

A

serval different tissues working together to perform a function

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8
Q

key term : organ system

A

Group of organs working together to perform a function

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9
Q

key term : organism

A

requires several organ systems to maintain life

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10
Q

Function of Nucleus

A

for controlling cell activity : contains DNA, gives directions to the cell

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11
Q

Function of vacuole

A

For food digestion and making energy : Stores food and water

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12
Q

function of Lysosome

A

for food digestion and making energy : Digests food, bacteria and waste

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13
Q

function of mitochondria

A

For food digestion and making energy : makes energy

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14
Q

function of chloroplast

A

for food digestion and energy : creates sugar from sun energy - photosynthesis (plants only)

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15
Q

function of cell and nuclear membrane

A

for structure and support : encloses cell and nucleus. maintains shape and protects

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16
Q

function of cell wall

A

for structure and support : protects cell, maintains shape (plant cell only)

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17
Q

function of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm

A

for structure and support : suspends organelles and DNA

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18
Q

Function of Ribosomes

A

for making proteins : makes proteins

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19
Q

function of Rough/smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

for making proteins : modifies proteins

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20
Q

function of Golgi body/apparatus

A

for making proteins : packs and sends proteins where needed

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21
Q

key term : Microscopes

A

Lab equipment used to examine small objects too small to see with the naked eye

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22
Q

part of microscope : ocular lens

A
  • what you look through
  • eye pieces
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23
Q

part of microscope : arm

A
  • joins the base to the the head and eye piece tube to the base
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24
Q

part of microscope : revolving nose piece

A
  • holds 2 or more objective lenses and to rotate easily
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25
Q

part of microscope : objective lenses

A
  • low, medium, high power
  • captures and refracts the light reflected from an objective
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26
Q

part of microscope : stage clips

A

hold the specimen in place

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27
Q

part of microscope : Stages

A

where specimen is placed for observation

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28
Q

part of microscope : coarse/fine adjustment knob

A

raises and lowers the stage to focus specimen

29
Q

Part of microscope : Diaphragm

A

to control amount of light reaching the specimen

30
Q

part of microscope : light

A

shining light on the object on the slides (specimen)

31
Q

part of microscope : Base

A

supports microscope

32
Q

Part of microscope : condenser

A

concentrates the light that shows the specimen

33
Q

Key term : cell division

A

the process where one cells divides to create 2 ‘daughter’ cells

34
Q

key term : Zygotes

A

one cell

35
Q

key term : asexual reproduction

A

parent organism generates off-spring (child) identical to itself
mostly for single celled organisms but some multicellular organisms

36
Q

key term : cell cycle

A

the process in which cells divid. growth, copying of organelles and DNA

37
Q

the cell cycle : Interphases

A
  • spends most time
  • prepares for cell division
38
Q

the cell cycle : G1 + G2 phase

A
  • cells grows
  • produces extra organelles
  • in animal cells centrioles copy
39
Q

the cell cycle : S phase

A
  • Cell copies DNA
  • each original piece of DNA is attached to copied piece of DNA with a centromere
  • the original and copied are called sister chromatids
40
Q

The Cell Cycle : Mitotic phase - Prophase

A
  • DNA (chromatin) condenses into chromosomes
  • nuclear membrane is broken down
  • centrioles start to move to opposite poles and produce spindle fibres
41
Q

the cell cycle : Metaphase

A
  • Centrioles reach opposite poles
  • spindle fibres attach to centromeres
  • chromosome align along equator
42
Q

the cell cycle : Anaphase

A
  • spindle fibres pull sister chromatids of chromosomes apart
43
Q

the cell cycle : telophase

A
  • spindle fibres pull chromosomes to opposite poles
  • (animal) cleavage furrow starts to pinch in the cell membrane
44
Q

the cell cycle: Cytokinesis

A
  • spindle fibres are broken down
  • nuclear membrane reforms
  • cleavage furrow pinches cell in 2
  • chromosomes condenses back into chromatin
45
Q

key term : sister chromatids

A

pair of identical chromatins formed during interphase

46
Q

key term : Chromatin

A
  • thread like DNA and will condense into chromosomes
47
Q

key term : chromosomes

A
  • comes from chromatin
  • consist of DNA complexed with proteins
    “roman noodles”
48
Q

Key term : Spindle Fibres

A
  • comes from centrioles
  • pulls cells apart
  • attach to centromeres and align along equator
  • divides genetic material
49
Q

key term : equator

A
  • chromosomes align along
  • the middle of the cell during Metaphase
50
Q

key term : cleavage furrow

A
  • starts during telophase
  • during animal celling it starts pinching in
  • pinches cell in 2
51
Q

Key term : cancer

A

Disease involving abnormal cell division
- too fast
- not when suppose too

52
Q

what is the order of organization

A
  1. atom
  2. molecules
  3. organelles
  4. cells
  5. tissue
  6. organs
  7. organ systems
  8. organismes.
53
Q

what organelle is only in animal cells

A

centrioles
lysosomes

54
Q

what organelle is only in plant cells

A

chloroplast
cell wall

55
Q

the use of microscopes

A
  • use adjustment knobs to raises and lowers stage
  • coarse adjustment knobs - bigger - raises it quick
  • fine adjustment knob - smaller - raises it lowers
  • always low - high power
  • use diaphragm to change amount of light
  • ocular lense facing out, low objective lens facing stage, stage all the way down
56
Q

calculating total magnification

A
  • compound light microscopes magnifies with ocular lens and objective
  • multiply both to find total magnification
57
Q

estimating size of specimen

A

Field of view (FOV) visible area
low - 5 mm
medium - 2 mm
high - o.5 mm
to estimate
FOV diameter/number of times object fits

58
Q

rules for biological diagrams

A
  • labels on the right
  • lowercase letters
  • aligned vertically
  • no arrows
  • no lines crossing
  • no shading for colouring
  • sharp lines
59
Q

why do cells divide

A
  • for making tissues and organ in multicellular organisms
  • replacement of damaged or dead cells
60
Q

what uses asexual reproduction

A
  • single celled organisms
  • some multicellular
  • plants, hydra
61
Q

stages in order of cell cycle

A

Interphase
1. G1 phase
2. S phase
3. G2 phase
Mitotic (m) Phase
1. Mitosis Phase
a) Prophase
b) metaphase
c) anaphase
d) telophase
2. cytokinesis

62
Q

Identify cancer cells

A
  • misshaped nucleus
  • changes the way cells connect
63
Q

characteristic of cancer cells

A
  • mutation in DNA
  • Divide when not suppose too
  • move to other areas quickly
    change in appearance and arrangement
64
Q

how to spell DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

65
Q

how many cells die everyday in one person

A

approx. 300 billion

66
Q

who is Robert Hooke

A

first person to describe a cell

67
Q

who is Camille Golgi

A

discovered the Golgi apparatus

68
Q

what are medical illustrators jobs

A

they draw biological diagrams as a job

69
Q
A

science grade 10 (3 decks)

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