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Biology 102 > Biology Terminology > Flashcards

Biology Terminology Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define Mitosis

A

The division of somatic cells

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1
Q

Define Meiosis

A

The division of germ cells

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2
Q

Law of Segregation

A

The separation of the homologous pairs

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3
Q

Independent Assortment

A

The random arrangement of homologous chromosome

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4
Q

Define Crossing Over

A

The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes.

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5
Q

Standard Deviation

A

Dispersal of data

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6
Q

Incomplete Dominance

A

When one allele is not completely dominant over the other allele, which results in a combined phenotype. This is also the blending theory.

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7
Q

Define Codominant

A

A condition in which both alleles are fully expressed, there is no mixing of the phenotype. For example, blood, people with AB blood type have A and B instead of blending both together.

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8
Q

Define Multiple Allele

A

Three or more alleles for a particular gene

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9
Q

Define Dihybrid Cross

A

The cross between two characteristics

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10
Q

Monohybrid Cross

A

The cross of only one characteristic

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11
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical appearance

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12
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic content

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13
Q

Sex-linked Genes

A

A trait that is expressed on the X chromosome.

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14
Q

Polygenic Inheritance

A

When multiple genes control the expression of one trait

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15
Q

Epistasis

A

The interaction between two or more genes to control a single phenotype.

16
Q

Pleiotropy

A

When one gene influences multiple traits

17
Q

Non-disjunction

A

When chromatids fail to separate during meiosis, depending whether it happened during meiosis 1 or 2, either all of the gametes or half of gametes will be defective.

18
Q

Translocation

A

When crossing over is unequal one chromosome can lose some genes and another chromosome can gain them.

19
Q

Karyotype

A

The appearance of the chromosomal makeup

20
Q

Prototype

A

A model

21
Q

Sexual Reproduction

A

Production of a new living organism by combining genetic information from two different cells.

22
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Catastrophe in a population, either founders effect or bottleneck effect. Both have limited amounts of alleles.

23
Q

Gene flow

A

Migration of species

24
Q

Directional selection

A

When natural selection favors one of the extremes

A1A1>A1A2>A2A2

25
Q

Stabilizing Selection

A

When natural selection favors individuals with the intermediate phenotypes.
A1A1A2A2

26
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

When natural selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range.
A1A1>A1A2<A2A2

27
Q

Pedigree

A

A chart of descendants

Biology 102 (2 decks)

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