Biology Term One Flashcards
What is Law?
Law is fact based on evidence and will never change.
What is Theory?
Theory is and educated guess based on evidence and can change.
What is Cell Theory?
Cell theory is that cells are the basis of all living things, cells are the basis unit of life, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
What are the 7 signs of life?
M - movement
R - respiration
S - sensing stimli
G - growth
R - reproduction
E - excrete
N - nutrition
What are the Classifications?
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
How do you write a scientific name?
When writing scientific names the genus is first with a capital and the species is lowercase with both being on a lean.
What are the two main cell types?
Unicellular and multicellular.
What are the two types of cells?
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
What is a Unicellular cell?
Unicellular cells are found in bacteria, archaea, some fungi, and almost all protists.
What is a Multicellular cell?
Multicellular cells are found in all animals, all plants, and some fungi.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell contains no membrane bound organelles and referred to as the simple cell.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A eukaryotic cell contain membrane bound organelles and is referred to as the complex cell.
What are organelles?
Organelles are something that make up a cell (can be referred to the little organs for a cells).
What are the different types of microscope?
Light microscope
SEM (scanning) microscope
TEM (transmission) microscope
Synchrotron microscope
How to find the scale length of a specimen?
actual length divide by length of drawing = scale
How do you find diameter?
diameter of field b = magnification of A divide by magnification of B times diameter of A
A - what you start with
B - what you want to convert it to
Nucleus
- contains chromosomal DNA
- has its own double membrane
- consider the control centre of a cell
Nucleolus
- to produce and assemble ribsomes
Vacuole
- stores water and soluble nutrients in the cell (cell sap)
- primarily found in plant cells
Chloroplast
- has it’s own membrane and DNA
- contains the chemical chlorophyll
- responsable for photosynthesis
- only found in plant cells
Mitochondria
- has it’s own membrane and DNA
- responsible for cellular respiration (breaking down glucose)
- is consider the power house of the cell
Cell Wall
- is made up of cellulose
- found in plant cells, fungi cells, and unicellular organisms
- give structure to the cell
Cell Membrane
- surrounds the cell and some other organelles
- allows substance into and out of the cell
Golgi Apparatus/Body
- have large surface area to volume ratio
- receive, sort, store, and secrete proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- smooth and rough
- smooth is closer to the nucleus
- rough has ribosomes embedded on the surface closer to the cell wall
- they refine proteins
- ER transports and processing
- found in plant and animal cells
Ribosomes
- unit for proteins synthesis (Mods)
- make up the rRna
- found in plant and animal cells
Lysosomes
- are the vacuum cleaner of the cell
- jobs are destruction and digestion
- move about the cell
Cytoplasm
- is the space between cell membrane and cell membrane
- cytosol is the jelly everything is suspended in
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in the body
Amylase
Amylase is an enzyme to break down glycosidic bonds with starch molecules turning complex carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Lipase
Lipase are enzymes that break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol by catalyzing the hydrolysis of ester bonds in the triglycerides.
