Biology term 1 Flashcards
What does DNA code for?
Genetic information for the transmission of inherited traits
What is the structure of DNA?
A double helix structure (two squiggly lines in opposite directions)
What is DNA made up of?
phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose) and nitrogenous bases
Inter neurons
Carry the impulse through the central nervous system
Motor neurons
Carry the impulse away from the central system to effectors
Sensory neurons
Carry the impulse generated by the stimulus to the central nervous system
Myelin
White insulating substance that often covers the axon of a neuron and helps speed up the conduction of the message
Neurotransmitters
The chemical messenger that carries messages from one neuron to another across a synapse
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body
Nerves
Made up of nerve cells (neurons) and are essentially wires that send signals to and from the brain
Central nervous system
Brain and nervous system
Neuron
A nerve cell that is made up of a cell body, dendrites and an axon
Synapse
Gap between neurons
Dendrites
The finger-like cells present on the end of a neuron that bring electrical signals to the cell body
Axon
A long projection of a nerve cell (a neuron) that moves impulses away from the cell body
Nervous vs Endocrine system
Nervous = Fast, short term effect, electrical impulse
Endocrine = Slow, long term effect, hormones
Chemoreceptor
Chemicals
Mechanoreceptor
Sound
Thermoreceptor
Temperature
Photoreceptor
Light
Stimulus
Anything that can trigger a physical or behavioural change
Nervous system
Uses electrical impulses along with neurons and the chemical messages across synapses to transmit messages
Endocrine system
Uses chemical messages (hormones) that travel through the body via the bloodstream to transfer the messages
Hormones
Chemicals that tell cells and body parts to do certain things and are chemicals that can be released (Dopamine, testosterone, etc…)
