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2do Semestre Prepa > Biology SUM1 > Flashcards

Biology SUM1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE are and which are them?

A
  • Made of one or more cells
  • Display Organization
  • Grow and Develop
  • Reproduces
  • Respond to stimuli
  • Requires Energy
  • Maintains Homeostasis
  • Evolution

8 characteristics

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2
Q

What’s the difference between a dead and a non-living thing?

A

DEAD-that is not longer alive

NON-LIVING-that it has never been alive

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3
Q

What is a cell made up of?

A

Organells

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4
Q

What’s DISPLAY ORGANIZATION?

A

The organization that gives structure and function.

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5
Q

Define GROW AND DEVELOPE:

A

GROW-increasing in size

DEVELOPE-more complex function and behavior of an organism

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6
Q

Define REPRODUCTION:

A

Ability of an organism to generate more organism of the same type.

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7
Q

Define RESPOND TO STIMULI:

A

A response to an occurring event

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8
Q

Define MADE UP OF A CELL:

A

Every organism that has life is composed by cells.

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9
Q

Define MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS:

A

The balance between acidity and alkalinity.

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10
Q

Define REQUIRES ENERGY:

A

It’s something that is required to have force.

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11
Q

How many types of cells are and how are they named?

A
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic Plant
  • Eukaryotic Animal

3 types of cells

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12
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

subatomic particles, atom, molecule, organell, cell tissue, organ, organ system, molecular organisms, population, species, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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13
Q

Characteristics of a PROKARYOTIC CELL:

A
  • No nucleous
  • No DNA
  • Simple Structure
  • Genetic material contained in membrane
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14
Q

Characteristics of a EUKARYOTIC CELL:

A
  • Have nucleous
  • Contain organells
  • Complex structure
  • Genetic material contained in membrane
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15
Q

Define CELL WALL:

A

Barrier that provides support and protection to a cell.

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16
Q

Define CYTOPLASM:

A

Semifluid material that’s inside the plasma membrane. Maintains a stable environment.

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17
Q

Define CYTOSKELETON:

A

Provides anchor to the cells inside the cell.

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18
Q

Define NUCLEOUS:

A

Organelle that control the cell & that produces proteins and cell division.

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19
Q

Where’s contains the DNA in a cell?

A

In the nucleus.

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20
Q

Define RIBOSOMES.

A

Organells that produce proteins.

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21
Q

Define ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM:

A

Rough: produces protein. (Ribosomes are attached to it)
Smooth: produces protein, lipids, and carbohydrates.

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22
Q

Define GOLGI APPARATUS:

A

Modifies, sorts, & packages energy in sacs calles vesicles.

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23
Q

Define LYSOSOMES:

A

Digest the excess of worn-out organelles and food particles.

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24
Q

Define CENTRIOLES:

A

Help the cell when division for organizing the chromosomes.

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25
Q

Define MITOCHONDRIA:

A

Produces ATP and energy with sugar.

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26
Q

Define FLAGELLA:

A

Permits the cell to move.

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27
Q

Define CILIA:

A

Aloud the movement of particles around the cell.

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28
Q

Define VACUOLE:

A

Part of the cell where material may be stored.

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29
Q

Define CHLOROPLAST:

A

Is where photosynthesis takes place. Produces chlorophyll.

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30
Q

What’s the DEPENDENT VARIABLE?

A

What’s measured and affected in the experiment.

Y axis

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31
Q

What’s the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?

A

What’s varied of manipulated by the researcher.

X axis

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32
Q

What’s biology?

A

The study of living things.

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33
Q

What’s the scientific method?

A

Observation, Investigation question, testing hypothesis, obtaining results, conclusion.

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34
Q

Stages of MITOSIS:

A

Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase, Cytokinesis.

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35
Q

Stages of Interphase:

A

G1, S, and G2

36
Q

What are stem cells useful?

A

Regeneration and to produce more cells.

37
Q

What are the types of steam cells and how many types exist?

A
  • Embryonic Stem Cells
  • Adult Steam Cells

2 types

38
Q

Characteristics of embryonic cells:

A
  • Come from embryo
  • Nos specialized
  • Are controversial
39
Q

Characteristics of adult steam cells:

A
  • Found in various tissues
  • Used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue
  • Are controversial
40
Q

Define CANCER:

A

Disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.

41
Q

Define APOPTOSIS:

A

A death of a cell that occurs in a normal and controlled way.

42
Q

What carries DNA?

A

Chromosomes

43
Q

Define MEIOSIS:

A

Cell division that aloud the body to produce cells of 23 chromosomes.

44
Q

For what is meiosis used?

A

For reproduction.

45
Q

How many chromosomes does a normal cell have?

A

46 chromosomes.

46
Q

How are called the cells of 23 chromosomes?

A

Sex cells, gametes

47
Q

What’s the function of the male reproductive system?

A

Produce reproductive cells, sex hormones mature, conduct and deliver sperm.

48
Q

What are the gonads?

A

The organs that produce sex cells.

49
Q

What’s puberty?

A

Period of growth where sexual maturity is reached.

50
Q

What happens in puberty in that male body?

A
  • Testis enlarge
  • Facial & body hair grow
  • Deep voice develop
  • Muscles develop
  • Broad shoulders
  • Etc.
51
Q

What are the male hormones and how many are them?

A

GnRH
FSH
LH
Testosterone

4 types

52
Q

Function and place where the GnRH hormone is:

A

In the hypothalamus

Increase the protection of FSH and LH

53
Q

Function and place where the FSH hormone is:

A

In the pituitary gland

Produces Sperm

54
Q

Function and place where the LH hormone is:

A

In the pituitary gland

Produces testosterone

55
Q

Function and place where the TESTOSTERONE hormone is:

A

In the pituitary gland

Production of sperm & secondary sex characteristics

56
Q

Structure of the sperm:

A

head=nucleous
acrosome=breaks though the egg cell
mitochondria=energy
flagellum=allows movement

57
Q

What happens in INTERPHASE?

A

The cell has its 46 chromosomes and the DNA duplicates preparing for mitosis.

58
Q

What happens in PROMETAPHASE?

A

The nucleus dissolves and the microtubules attach to the centromeres.

59
Q

What happens in METAPHASE?

A

Chromosomes alling in the middle of the cell.

60
Q

What happens in ANAPHASE?

A

Chromosomes begin to pull apart.

61
Q

What happens in TELOPHASE?

A

Microtubules disappear and cell division begins.

62
Q

What happens in CYTOKYNESIS?

A

2 daughter cells are formed.

63
Q

How are the substances that cause cancer calle?

A

Cancerigenous substances.

64
Q

Define MUTATION:

A

A change in the DNA. (hereditary material of life)

65
Q

Define MUTAGENS:

A

A physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material.

66
Q

Define KARYOTYPE:

A

Is a simply picture of a person’s chromosomes.

67
Q

Define GENOTYPE:

A

Genetic makeup of a cell, organism, or individual. Usually reference to a characteristic.

68
Q

Define PHENOTYPE:

A

Depends on which genes are dominant and in the interaction between genes and environment.

69
Q

What’s TRYSOMY 21 and how is it called?

A

An extra 21 chromosome. Called DOWN SYNDROM.

70
Q

What’s TRYSOMY XXY and how is it called?

A

It can only be in men and is when a pair 23 has 2 X chromosomes. Called KLINEFELLER SYNDROM.

71
Q

What’s MONOSOMY X and how is it called?

A

It can only be in women and is when is missing a chromosome in a pair 23. Called a TURNER’S XO SYNDROME.

72
Q

Mention 3 characteristics of a DOWN SYNDROME:

A
  • Mental Retard
  • Flat back and head
  • Short nose
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Slanting eyes
73
Q

Mention 3 characteristics of a KLINEFELLER SYNDROM:

A
  • Slightly feminized
  • Tall
  • Curvy hips
  • Breast development
  • Osteoporosis
74
Q

Mention 3 characteristics of a TURNER’S XO SYNDROME:

A
  • Short
  • Short neck
  • Flat chest
  • Small nails
  • Birth marks
  • Sexual development problems
75
Q

Define PENIS:

A

A tubular muscular organ found in males.

76
Q

Define TESTES:

A

Are located outside the body and produce sperms.

77
Q

Define SCROTUM:

A

Pouch-like sac that hangs below the penis and encases the testes.

78
Q

Define Epidydimis:

A

Where sperm is stored and mature.

79
Q

Describe some secondary sex characteristics in male:

A
  • Testes enlarge
  • Facial and body hair grows
  • Deeper voice develops
  • Muscles develop
  • Brood shoulders
80
Q

Path tin which the semen pases:

A

testes->epididymis-urethra->vas defeners->prostate gland->seminal vesicle-penis->vagina

81
Q

What’s the difference between semen and sperm?

A

SEMEN: fluid that is shooter with the sperm
SPERM: sex cells

82
Q

List diferent carcinogens:

A

tabacco, radiation, alcohol, drugs, microwave, some chemicals, excess of sun.

83
Q

Describe a HAPLOID CELL:

A
  • n
  • found in the reproductive system (sperm and egg cells)
  • 23 chromosomes
  • melosos
84
Q

Describe a DIPLOID CELL:

A
  • 2n
  • found in all the body
  • 46 chromosomes
  • mitosis
85
Q

State the similarities between a haploid and a diploid cell:

A
  • Both have chromosomes
  • Participate in cell division
  • Both are daughter cells

2do Semestre Prepa (3 decks)

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