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2do Semestre Prepa > Biology SUM1 > Flashcards

Biology SUM1 Flashcards

1
Q

How many CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE are and which are them?

A
  • Made of one or more cells
  • Display Organization
  • Grow and Develop
  • Reproduces
  • Respond to stimuli
  • Requires Energy
  • Maintains Homeostasis
  • Evolution

8 characteristics

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2
Q

What’s the difference between a dead and a non-living thing?

A

DEAD-that is not longer alive

NON-LIVING-that it has never been alive

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3
Q

What is a cell made up of?

A

Organells

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4
Q

What’s DISPLAY ORGANIZATION?

A

The organization that gives structure and function.

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5
Q

Define GROW AND DEVELOPE:

A

GROW-increasing in size

DEVELOPE-more complex function and behavior of an organism

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6
Q

Define REPRODUCTION:

A

Ability of an organism to generate more organism of the same type.

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7
Q

Define RESPOND TO STIMULI:

A

A response to an occurring event

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8
Q

Define MADE UP OF A CELL:

A

Every organism that has life is composed by cells.

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9
Q

Define MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS:

A

The balance between acidity and alkalinity.

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10
Q

Define REQUIRES ENERGY:

A

It’s something that is required to have force.

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11
Q

How many types of cells are and how are they named?

A
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic Plant
  • Eukaryotic Animal

3 types of cells

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12
Q

What are the levels of organization?

A

subatomic particles, atom, molecule, organell, cell tissue, organ, organ system, molecular organisms, population, species, community, ecosystem, biosphere

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13
Q

Characteristics of a PROKARYOTIC CELL:

A
  • No nucleous
  • No DNA
  • Simple Structure
  • Genetic material contained in membrane
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14
Q

Characteristics of a EUKARYOTIC CELL:

A
  • Have nucleous
  • Contain organells
  • Complex structure
  • Genetic material contained in membrane
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15
Q

Define CELL WALL:

A

Barrier that provides support and protection to a cell.

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16
Q

Define CYTOPLASM:

A

Semifluid material that’s inside the plasma membrane. Maintains a stable environment.

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17
Q

Define CYTOSKELETON:

A

Provides anchor to the cells inside the cell.

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18
Q

Define NUCLEOUS:

A

Organelle that control the cell & that produces proteins and cell division.

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19
Q

Where’s contains the DNA in a cell?

A

In the nucleus.

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20
Q

Define RIBOSOMES.

A

Organells that produce proteins.

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21
Q

Define ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM:

A

Rough: produces protein. (Ribosomes are attached to it)
Smooth: produces protein, lipids, and carbohydrates.

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22
Q

Define GOLGI APPARATUS:

A

Modifies, sorts, & packages energy in sacs calles vesicles.

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23
Q

Define LYSOSOMES:

A

Digest the excess of worn-out organelles and food particles.

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24
Q

Define CENTRIOLES:

A

Help the cell when division for organizing the chromosomes.

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25
Define MITOCHONDRIA:
Produces ATP and energy with sugar.
26
Define FLAGELLA:
Permits the cell to move.
27
Define CILIA:
Aloud the movement of particles around the cell.
28
Define VACUOLE:
Part of the cell where material may be stored.
29
Define CHLOROPLAST:
Is where photosynthesis takes place. Produces chlorophyll.
30
What's the DEPENDENT VARIABLE?
What's measured and affected in the experiment. | Y axis
31
What's the INDEPENDENT VARIABLE?
What's varied of manipulated by the researcher. | X axis
32
What's biology?
The study of living things.
33
What's the scientific method?
Observation, Investigation question, testing hypothesis, obtaining results, conclusion.
34
Stages of MITOSIS:
Interphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase, Cytokinesis.
35
Stages of Interphase:
G1, S, and G2
36
What are stem cells useful?
Regeneration and to produce more cells.
37
What are the types of steam cells and how many types exist?
- Embryonic Stem Cells - Adult Steam Cells 2 types
38
Characteristics of embryonic cells:
- Come from embryo - Nos specialized - Are controversial
39
Characteristics of adult steam cells:
- Found in various tissues - Used to maintain and repair the same kind of tissue - Are controversial
40
Define CANCER:
Disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
41
Define APOPTOSIS:
A death of a cell that occurs in a normal and controlled way.
42
What carries DNA?
Chromosomes
43
Define MEIOSIS:
Cell division that aloud the body to produce cells of 23 chromosomes.
44
For what is meiosis used?
For reproduction.
45
How many chromosomes does a normal cell have?
46 chromosomes.
46
How are called the cells of 23 chromosomes?
Sex cells, gametes
47
What's the function of the male reproductive system?
Produce reproductive cells, sex hormones mature, conduct and deliver sperm.
48
What are the gonads?
The organs that produce sex cells.
49
What's puberty?
Period of growth where sexual maturity is reached.
50
What happens in puberty in that male body?
- Testis enlarge - Facial & body hair grow - Deep voice develop - Muscles develop - Broad shoulders - Etc.
51
What are the male hormones and how many are them?
GnRH FSH LH Testosterone 4 types
52
Function and place where the GnRH hormone is:
In the hypothalamus | Increase the protection of FSH and LH
53
Function and place where the FSH hormone is:
In the pituitary gland | Produces Sperm
54
Function and place where the LH hormone is:
In the pituitary gland | Produces testosterone
55
Function and place where the TESTOSTERONE hormone is:
In the pituitary gland | Production of sperm & secondary sex characteristics
56
Structure of the sperm:
head=nucleous acrosome=breaks though the egg cell mitochondria=energy flagellum=allows movement
57
What happens in INTERPHASE?
The cell has its 46 chromosomes and the DNA duplicates preparing for mitosis.
58
What happens in PROMETAPHASE?
The nucleus dissolves and the microtubules attach to the centromeres.
59
What happens in METAPHASE?
Chromosomes alling in the middle of the cell.
60
What happens in ANAPHASE?
Chromosomes begin to pull apart.
61
What happens in TELOPHASE?
Microtubules disappear and cell division begins.
62
What happens in CYTOKYNESIS?
2 daughter cells are formed.
63
How are the substances that cause cancer calle?
Cancerigenous substances.
64
Define MUTATION:
A change in the DNA. (hereditary material of life)
65
Define MUTAGENS:
A physical or chemical agent that changes the genetic material.
66
Define KARYOTYPE:
Is a simply picture of a person's chromosomes.
67
Define GENOTYPE:
Genetic makeup of a cell, organism, or individual. Usually reference to a characteristic.
68
Define PHENOTYPE:
Depends on which genes are dominant and in the interaction between genes and environment.
69
What's TRYSOMY 21 and how is it called?
An extra 21 chromosome. Called DOWN SYNDROM.
70
What's TRYSOMY XXY and how is it called?
It can only be in men and is when a pair 23 has 2 X chromosomes. Called KLINEFELLER SYNDROM.
71
What's MONOSOMY X and how is it called?
It can only be in women and is when is missing a chromosome in a pair 23. Called a TURNER'S XO SYNDROME.
72
Mention 3 characteristics of a DOWN SYNDROME:
- Mental Retard - Flat back and head - Short nose - Congenital heart disease - Slanting eyes
73
Mention 3 characteristics of a KLINEFELLER SYNDROM:
- Slightly feminized - Tall - Curvy hips - Breast development - Osteoporosis
74
Mention 3 characteristics of a TURNER'S XO SYNDROME:
- Short - Short neck - Flat chest - Small nails - Birth marks - Sexual development problems
75
Define PENIS:
A tubular muscular organ found in males.
76
Define TESTES:
Are located outside the body and produce sperms.
77
Define SCROTUM:
Pouch-like sac that hangs below the penis and encases the testes.
78
Define Epidydimis:
Where sperm is stored and mature.
79
Describe some secondary sex characteristics in male:
- Testes enlarge - Facial and body hair grows - Deeper voice develops - Muscles develop - Brood shoulders
80
Path tin which the semen pases:
testes->epididymis-urethra->vas defeners->prostate gland->seminal vesicle-penis->vagina
81
What's the difference between semen and sperm?
SEMEN: fluid that is shooter with the sperm SPERM: sex cells
82
List diferent carcinogens:
tabacco, radiation, alcohol, drugs, microwave, some chemicals, excess of sun.
83
Describe a HAPLOID CELL:
- n - found in the reproductive system (sperm and egg cells) - 23 chromosomes - melosos
84
Describe a DIPLOID CELL:
- 2n - found in all the body - 46 chromosomes - mitosis
85
State the similarities between a haploid and a diploid cell:
- Both have chromosomes - Participate in cell division - Both are daughter cells

2do Semestre Prepa (3 decks)

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