Biology - Sexual Reproduction

Question 1

Testis

Answer 1

produces sperms and male sex hormones such as testosterone

Question 2

Epididymis

Answer 2

stores inactive sperms from the testis before they are released into the sperm ducts

Question 3

Spermatic cord

Answer 3

supplies blood to the testis

Question 4

Scrotum (scrotal sac)

Answer 4

pouch-like sacs located outside the body cavity to help maintain a lower temperature for the development of sperms

Question 5

Sperm duct (vas deference)

Answer 5

the pathway travelled by sperms after they are released from the testis

Question 6

Seminal vesicle

Answer 6

stores sperms temporarily before they are released through the urethra

Question 7

Seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and Cowper’s gland

Answer 7

activate sperms by secreting a slippery fluid that contains nutrients and enzymes

The mixture of this fluid and sperms is called semen.

Question 8

Urethra

Answer 8

a tube that extends from the bladder, through the penis, to outside the body

Both urine and semen exit the body through the urethra, but never at the same time. The sphincter muscles at the base of the urinary bladder prevent urine from exiting the body during ejaculation.

Question 9

Penis

Answer 9

erectile organ that becomes erect and hard during sexual intercourse in order to enter and deposit semen into the vagina

An erection occurs when the spongy tissue in the penis is filled with blood.

Question 10

Sperm

Answer 10

Sperms (spermatozoa) are produced throughout the lifetime of a male human after he reaches physical maturity.

Head, middle piece, tail

Question 11

Head of sperm

Answer 11

a nucleus that carries one haploid set of chromosomes

small amount of cytoplasm

an acrosome that contains enzymes for breaking down part of the egg membrane for sperm penetration

Question 12

Middle piece of sperm

Answer 12

contains numerous mitochondria that provide energy for sperm to swim to the egg.

Question 13

Tail of sperm (flagellum)

Answer 13

beats to enable the sperm to swim towards the egg.

Question 14

Ovary

Answer 14

produces eggs and female sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone

Question 15

Fallopian tube (Oviduct)

Answer 15

a narrow muscular tube with a funnel-like opening at the ovary

Mature eggs are released from the ovary into the oviduct to be fertilised.

Question 16

Uterus (womb)

Answer 16

the location where the foetus develops; it has elastic muscular walls that enable contraction during birth to expel the foetus

Question 17

Uterine lining (endometrium)

Answer 17

the soft, smooth inner lining of the uterus that is important for embryo implantation

Question 18

Cervix

Answer 18

the circular ring of muscle at the lower end of uterus

Question 19

Vagina (birth canal)

Answer 19

the location where semen is deposited during sexual intercourse; spans the area from the cervix to the vulva (the opening-thing)

Question 20

Ovum – When are they present? When and how are they released?

Answer 20

Ova (plural, eggs) are present in the ovaries of a female at birth. Eggs are released into the oviducts from the time a female reaches puberty until she reaches 45-55 years of age.

Question 21

Ovum – structure

Answer 21

The ovum is made up of a:
•  large nucleus containing one haploid set of chromosomes,
•  large amount of cytoplasm which may contain a small amount of yolk, and
•  cell surface membrane that is surrounded by an outer membrane.

Question 22

Menstrual cycle – definition

Answer 22

The cycle of events that takes place in the female reproductive organs every month

Question 23

Average length of menstrual cycle? Range?

Answer 23

28 days, with a natural variation of 21-33 days.

Question 24

Factors that affect menstrual cycle?

Answer 24

Stress, illness, unbalanced diet, and/or malnutrition.

Question 25

of days – ATM # memorisation technique?

Answer 25

5-5-7-11

5: Menstruation
5: Follicle stage
7: Fertile period
11: Corpus luteum

Question 26

Menstruation def?

Answer 26

The monthly discharge of blood from the uterus via the vagina