Biology Semester Final Flashcards
Gram
The basic metric unit to measure mass.
Liter
The basic metric unit to measure volume.
Meter
The basic metric unit to measure distance.
Celsius
Celsius The basic metric unit to measure temperature.
What is the volume of a 6cm x 6cm x 6cm block?
216 cm3
What is the average of 60, 68, 75, 85?
72
Which unit of measure is used to measure the distance to the sun?
Kilometer
Graduated cylinder, beaker, and Erlenmeyer flask
Lab equipment used to measure volume
Triple beam balance
Lab equipment used to measure mass
Meter stick
Lab equipment used to measure length
Thermometer
Lab equipment used to measure temperature
Line graph
This graph best shows changes or progress over time
Bar graph
This graph best shows a comparison between things
Pie chart
This graph best shows percentages
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
- Made of 1 or more cells
- Displays organization
- Grows and develops
- Be able to reproduce
- Responds to stimuli
- Requires energy for cellular function
- Maintains homeostasis
- Adapts over time
What are the 5 levels of organization?
- Atoms and molecules
- Cell
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ system
Ecology
The scientific study of all the interrelationships between organisms and their environments.
Biotic
Any living factor in an organism’s environment.
Abiotic
Any non-living factor in an organism’s environment, such as soil, light, air.
Limiting Factor
Any factor that restricts the number, distribution, or reproduction in a community.
Population
A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same geographic place at the same time.
Biological community
All of the interacting populations of different species that live in the same geographic location at the same time.
Homeostasis
Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to maintain life.
Stimulus
A change in an organism’s surroundings that causes it to react.
Commensalism
When one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
Parasitism
When one organism benefits at the expense of another.
Tolerance
The ability for an organism to survive when subjected to abiotic and biotic factors
Biosphere
The portion of the earth that supports life.
Symbiosis
The close relationship that exists when 2 or more species live together.
Biome
Large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar communities
Niche
The role or position that an organism has in its environment, how it meets its needs and requirements for life.
Food web
Many interconnected food chains at many trophic levels.
Food Chain
A basic network that shows the linear flow of nutrients and energy from one trophic level to another.
Producer
Makes its own food (plants through photosynthesis).
Consumer
Cannot make its own food (herbivores, carnivores, omnivores).
Carbon Cycle
The carbon cycle is the process that moves carbon between plants, animals, and microbes; minerals in the earth; and the atmosphere.
Water Cycle
The water cycle shows the continuous movement of water within the Earth and atmosphere.
Nitrogen Cycle
The nitrogen cycle is a biogeochemical process through which nitrogen is converted into many forms, consecutively passing from the atmosphere to the soil to organism and back into the atmosphere.
Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus moves in a cycle through rocks, water, soil and sediments and organisms. Over time, rain and weathering cause rocks to release phosphate ions and other minerals. This inorganic phosphate is then distributed in soils and water.
Oxygen Cycle
The oxygen cycle begins with the process of photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight, releases oxygen back into the atmosphere, which humans and animals breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide, and again linking back to the plants.
Primary Succession
Primary succession is ecological succession that begins in essentially lifeless areas, such as regions in which there is no soil or where the soil is incapable of sustaining life (because of recent lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier).
Secondary Succession
Secondary succession happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance. This restarts the cycle of succession, but not back to the beginning—soil and nutrients are still present.
Temperate weather
Weather conditions that are neither very hot nor very cold. Temperate plants grow naturally in places where the weather is neither very hot nor very cold.
Greenhouse Gas
Any gas that has the property of absorbing infrared radiation (net heat energy) emitted from Earth’s surface and reradiating it back to Earth’s surface, thus contributing to the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are the most important greenhouse gases.
Biome
An area that has a specific climate and the plants that have adapted to thrive there.
Ponds and Lakes
Standing fresh water both large and small scale
Estuary
Area where ocean and river water mix
Intertidal Zone
Marine area where waves crash on shore and has drastic changes in tides daily
River and Streams
Moving fresh water both large and small scale
Open Ocean
Marine area that is a vast open space
Wetlands
Areas of land such as marshes, swamps and bogs
Coral Reefs
Most biologically diverse ecosystem, shallow warm water, protects shoreline.
Abyssal Zone
Darkest, Deepest part of the ocean world
Photic (limnetic & littoral zones)
Zone where light can penetrate
Aphotic (abyss & profundal)
Zone where light can not penetrate deep enough for photosynthesis
Genetic Diversity
Variation in the genes or inheritable characteristics that are present in a population
Species Diversity
The number of different species in a biological community
Biodiversity
The variety of all life on earth
Extinction
The permanent disappearance of a species from the biosphere
Ecosystem Diversity
The variety of different habitats for species to live
Habitat Fragmentation
Separating an ecosystem into small pieces
Overexploitation
Excessive use of a species that has economic value
Habitat Destruction/Loss
Clearing of or destroying of habitats
Invasive Species
Species that are intentionally or unintentionally transported to new areas where they modify and disrupt the habitat balance
Biological Magnification
The increase of a toxic substance in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain/web
Climate Change
Changes in the global temperatures, weather patterns, and rainfall
Eutrophication
Water pollution that occurs when too much fertilizer, sewage, or animal wastes leading to massive algal blooms
Neutron
Particle of the atom that has no charge
Electron
Negatively charged particle of an atom
Proton
Positively charges particle of an atom
Orbitals
The lines/circles outside the nucleus
Proton and Neutron
2 subatomic particles found in the nucleus
Which subatomic particle is SO small that it doesn’t really have weight, just a charge?
Electron
Where are all the elements in the world listed?
Periodic Table of Elements
Covalent Bond
Chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons: H2O is an example
Ionic Bond
Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms: table salt is an example
Genetic biodiversity
The variety of genes or inheritable characteristics that re present in a population.
Species Biodiversity
The number of different species and the relative abundance of each species in a biological community.
Ecosystem diversity
The variety of ecosystems present in the biosphere.
Threats to biodiversity
Extinction, overexploitation, habitat loss, fragmentation of habitat, climate change
Maintaining biodiversity
Renewable resources, sustainable use, protecting through conservation
Biodiversity Hot Spot
Ecosystems where endemic species are threatened with extinction.
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
- Made of 1 or more cells
- Displays organization
- Grows and develops
- Reproduces
- Responds to internal and external stimuli
- Requires energy in the form of food
- Maintains homeostasis
- Adaptations over time
What are the 5 levels of organization?
- atoms/molecules
- cell
- tissue
- organ
- organ systems
Give an example of the 5 levels of organization.
- atom/molecule
- heart cell
- heart tissue
- heart
- circulatory system
