Biology Semester 2 Final Vocabulary Flashcards
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer that carries genetic instructions for growth and reproduction. DNA is a nucleic acid.
Nucleus
Central area found in cells that house the genetic information (like DNA) of an organism.
Genes
The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines traits and are hereditary.
Nucleotide and what it’s made of
A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids that includes a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. Monomers of nucleic acids.
Chromosome
A thread-like structure made up of DNA that is found in the nucleus and carries genetic information. Each human has 46 chromosomes and 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What are the nitrogen bases of DNA
Adenine
Thymine A and T go together
Cytosine
Guanine C and G go together
DNA Helicase
An important enzyme that unwinds DNA.
DNA Polymerase
Enzymes that create DNA molecules by assembling nucleotides. Clones DNA.
Trait
Physical characteristics or attributes of an organism that are expressed by genes.
What are the nitrogenous base of RNA
Adenine
Urcail A and U go together
Cytosine
Guanine C and G go together
Amino acid
The organic compounds that combine to form proteins
Codon
A sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis
mRNA
Messenger RNA is a molecule that contains the instructions or recipe that directs the cells to make a protein in protein synthesis.
tRNA
RNA molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and transfers it to a growing protien duinrgh protein synthesis.
Transcription
The process of making an RNA copy of a DNA sequence to make new proteins.
