Biology (section 2) Flashcards
What is in a human cell?
vacuoles mitochondria ribosome membrane cytoplasm nucleolus nucleus
What are the functions of these parts of a cell?
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
Nucleus – contains DNA and controls the activities of the cell
Cytoplasm – where most of the chemical reactions occur
Cell membrane – controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
What are the functions of these parts of a cell?
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
Mitochondria – where energy is released from respiration
Ribosomes – where protein synthesis occurs
What is in a plant cell?
cell wall membrane vacuole chloroplasts ribosome cytoplasm nucleolus nucleus
What are the functions of these parts of a cell?
- Cell wall
- Chloroplasts
- Permanent vacuole
Cell wall – strengthens the cell
Chloroplasts – absorb light energy to make food via photosynthesis
Vacuole – filled with cell sap and provides a store of water
What do the vacuoles of plant cells contain?
Cell sap
What controls the chemical reactions inside cells?
Enzymes
What is diffusion and where does it happen?
Diffusion is the net spreading out of particles of a gas (or substance in a solution) from high to low
Diffusion occurs in the lungs – this is how oxygen is moves into the blood
What affects the rate of diffusion?
Temperature and the concentration difference effects the rate of diffusion
What is osmosis and where does it occur?
Water often moves via osmosis – the water particles move from a net high to a low across a partially permeable membrane
Osmosis occurs in the root hair cells
What happens to a plant cell if you put it in highly salty water?
In salty water there is a low of water – this means water moves out of the cell (from high to low) and the cell will shrink and become flaccid
What happens to a plant cell if you put it in pure water?
In pure water there is a high of water resulting in water moving into the cell (from high to low) and the cell will fill of water and become turgid
What happens to a plant cell if you put it in pure water?
In pure water there is a high of water resulting in water moving into the cell (from high to low) and the cell will fill of water and become turgid
Explain what the function of a red blood cell and how it is specialised
function - to carry oxygen specialization - Large surface area for oxygen Haemoglobin which binds the oxygen Lacks nucleus when mature
Explain the function of a nerve cell and how it is specialised.
Function- to carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body specialization- long connections at each end can carry electrical signals
