Biology revision

Question 1

What are the three different types of microbes?

Answer 1

bacteria, virus, and fungi

Question 2

Name some diseases caused by viruses

Answer 2

COVID, chickenpox, colds, influenza

Question 3

Name some diseases caused by bacteria

Answer 3

pneumonia, wound infections, meningitis, tuberculosis

Question 4

Name some diseases caused by fungi

Answer 4

Candidiasis, Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis, Blastomycosis

Question 5

what does influenza do?

Answer 5

An illness that effects the nose, throat and sometimes the lungs. It can cause mild or severe illness and can sometimes lead to death.

Question 6

What does Histoplasmosis do?

Answer 6

A fungal infection that can affect anyone. It can affect other parts of the body, but it usually affects the lungs and causes pneumonia.

Question 7

What does pneumonia do?

Answer 7

Pneumonia occurs when one or both of the air sacs in the lungs gets inflamed and filled with pus. It can be caused by bacteria, but fungi and viruses can also cause it.

Question 8

Viruses have a…

Answer 8

Outer protein coat, and genes

Question 9

Fungi have a…

Answer 9

Cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, vacuole, and a cytoplasm.

Question 10

Bacteria have a…

Answer 10

Flagellum, slime capsule, cell membrane, cell wall, and a cytoplasm.

Question 11

Name the three things that microbes need to survive

Answer 11

moisture, heat, and oxygen

Question 12

Put the microbes in order, smallest to largest

Answer 12

Virus, bacteria, fungus

Question 13

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 13

glucose + oxygen ➞ carbon dioxide + energy

Question 14

Why is yeast used in bread making?

Answer 14

Yeast cells use sugar as their glucose and respire. It then excretes carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide bubbles fill up the elasticy dough, making it rise.

Question 15

What does yeast require to make dough rise?

Answer 15

glucose (sugar) and warmth

Question 16

What is the link between breathing and respiration?

Answer 16

They both require oxygen

Question 17

Name the organs of the respiratory system

Answer 17

nose, mouth, lungs, throat, voice box, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

Question 18

How do the muscles cause breathing?

Answer 18

Rib muscles contract and pull the ribs up, the volume of the lungs increases and the pressure decreases, and the diaphragm contracts and moves down. Then the opposite happens when you breathe out.

Question 19

How are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 19

It’s walls are only one cell thick which makes there a shorter distance for diffusion to take place, so that oxygen can diffuse into the blood quicker.

Question 20

How do particles move by diffusion in gas exchange?

Answer 20

Molecules such as Oxygen and Glucose move by diffusion from areas of high concentration to low concentration. Capillaries and cell membranes have tiny holes, which allow the molecules to move through. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse back into the blood to be carried to where they need to go.

Question 21

What is the difference between inhaled and exhaled air?

Answer 21

Inhaled air contains oxygen, but exhaled air contains carbon dioxide.

Question 22

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 22

Glucose + Oxygen ➞ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 23

Describe the process of gas exchange

Answer 23

During the process of gas exchange, oxygen moves into the bloodstream, and carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the lungs. This happens in the lungs, between the alveoli and capillaries.

Question 24

Name the main parts of the circulatory system

Answer 24

heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood (red and white blood cells)

Question 25

Describe the process of the circulatory system

Answer 25

The right side pumps blood to your lungs and back to the heart and on the way the blood picks up oxygen. The left side pumps blood from your heart to the rest of your body and the blood gives off oxygen to the cells.

Question 26

Explain how substances are exchanged between the blood and respiring cells

Answer 26

The capillaries are where molecules are exchanged between blood and the cells in the body. Capillaries are just one cell thick so they allow molecules to diffuse through them.

Question 27

How do you measure heart rate?

Answer 27

You count how many times your heart beats in 15 seconds and then times it by 4. This is how many times your heart beats per minute.

Question 28

What happens to your heart rate during and after exercise?

Answer 28

During exercise, your body need more oxygen to produce more energy, so your heart rate increases so that you can get more oxygen to your blood. After exercise your heart rate will at first be very fast but then it will slow down, and eventually reach your usual bpm.

Question 29

What happens when muscles do not get enough energy during strenuous exercise?

Answer 29

If there is not enough oxygen to get to your muscles, anaerobic respiration takes place. This is when glucose is broken down without oxygen, and therefore produces lactic acid, which can be painful which is why you get a stitch when you run for a long time.

Question 30

Why does internal body temperature have to stay consistent?

Answer 30

So that the body can do all of the chemical reactions that it needs to do to keep the body functioning.

Question 31

How does hair react to the cold?

Answer 31

When it’s cold, hairs stand up and a layer of warm air gets trapped on the surface of the skin.

Question 32

How does hair react to heat?

Answer 32

When it’s hot tiny muscles in the skin relax and the hairs lie flat so no hot air gets trapped.

Question 33

How do blood vessels react to the cold?

Answer 33

When it’s cold blood vessels get larger so that more blood flows through and the temperature is increased.

Question 34

How do blood vessels react to heat?

Answer 34

When it’s hot, blood vessels get smaller so that less blood flows through and the temperature is decreased.

Question 35

How does sweating cool us down?

Answer 35

When it’s hot, sweat is released from sweat glands on the skin. When the water evaporates off the skin, it takes body heat with it.

Question 36

How does shivering heat us up?

Answer 36

When it’s cold, the body shivers which makes the muscles generate more heat as their contraction causes the muscles to respire thus releasing more energy.