Biology Revision

Question 1

active transport

Answer 1

the movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against a concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.

Question 2

algae

Answer 2

organisms (protista) that make their own food by photosynthesis.

Question 3

alveoli

Answer 3

tiny air sacs in the lungs that increase the surface area for gas exchange.

Question 4

bacteria

Answer 4

single celled prokaryotic organisms.

Question 5

cell membrane

Answer 5

the membrane surrounding the content controlling what moves in and out of the cell.

Question 6

cell wall

Answer 6

supports a plant cell, made of cellulose.

Question 7

cellulose

Answer 7

the carbohydrate that makes up and strengthens plant and algal cell walls.

Question 8

chlorophyll

Answer 8

pigment contained in chloroplasts.

Question 9

chloroplasts

Answer 9

the site of photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.

Question 10

cytoplasm

Answer 10

where chemical reactions take place.

Question 11

diffusion

Answer 11

the spreading of particles resulting in a net movement of particles from an area higher to lower concentration gradient.

Question 12

eukaryotic cells

Answer 12

cells from eukaryotes that have cell membrane, cytoplasn, and a nucleus.

Question 13

hypertonic (osmosis)

Answer 13

a solution that is more concentrated than the cell contents.

Question 14

hypotonic (osmosis)

Answer 14

a solution that is less concentrated than the cell contents.

Question 15

isotonic (osmosis)

Answer 15

a solution that is the same concentration as the cell contents.

Question 16

mitochondria

Answer 16

the site of aerobic cellular respiration in a cell

Question 17

nucleus

Answer 17

organelle found in many living cells containing the genetic information surrounded by the nuclear membrane

Question 18

osmosis

Answer 18

the diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution down a concentration gradient.

Question 19

partially permeable membrane

Answer 19

a membrane that allows only certain substances to pass through

Question 20

permanent vacuole

Answer 20

space in the cytoplasm filled with sap

Question 21

phloem

Answer 21

the living transport tissue in plants that carries dissolved food around the plant

Question 22

plasmolysis

Answer 22

the state if plant cells when so much water is lost from the cell by osmosis that the vacuole and cytoplasm shrink and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell way

Question 23

magnification

Answer 23

image size/real size

Question 24

real size

Answer 24

image size/magnification

Question 25

function of root hair cell

Answer 25

increase the surface area for water to move into the ce;;.

Question 26

what is in the tip of a sperm cell

Answer 26

acrosomes

Question 27

what does the xylem do

Answer 27

carries water from the root to the leaves