Biology-Respiration

Question 0

What is the process of respiration?

Answer 0

The process of glucose and oxygen reacting in cells to produce energy

Question 1

What is respiration?

Answer 1

How we get the energy we need

Question 2

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

Glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 3

What happens on the respiratory system?

Answer 3

Oxygen is taken into our bodies via the lungs and carbon dioxide is removed
The oxygen is absorbed into the blood
Travels to the heart and is then pumped to the rest of the body

Question 4

What is energy needed for?

Answer 4

Movement 
Making new chemicals
Growth and repair
Moving substances
Nervous impulses
Temperature regulation

Question 5

What are the alveoli?

Answer 5

Air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

Question 6

What is the thorax?

Answer 6

Upper part of the body

Question 7

What is the abdomen?

Answer 7

Lower part of the body

Question 8

What is the trachea?

Answer 8

Air flows through this

Question 9

What is cartilage?

Answer 9

Keeps airways in trachea open

Question 10

What are the pleural membranes?

Answer 10

These line the lung and inside the rib cage

Question 11

What are the two parts of breathing?

Answer 11

Ventilation

Gas exchange

Question 12

What is ventilation?

Answer 12

Getting air into and out of the lungs

Question 13

What is gas exchange?

Answer 13

Gases (carbon dioxide and oxygen) moving in n and out of the lungs
It’s a two way process-waste gases are removed and oxygen is absorbed

Question 14

What dies ventilation consist of?

Answer 14

Inhaling and exhaling

Question 15

What happens when you inhale?

Answer 15

Diaphragm contracts and flattens
Intercostal muscles contract
Ribs move up and out
Volume of chest cavity increases
Air pressure inside chest cavity/lungs decreases below atmospheric pressure
Air rushes in from the higher pressure outside the mouth, to the area f lower pressure in the lungs

Question 16

What happens when you exhale?

Answer 16

Diaphragm is pushed up into dome shape
Volume decreases
Pressure increases
Air moves out from area of high pressure inside the lungs to area  low pressure inside lungs
Ribs move down and in
Intercostal muscles relax

Question 17

What is the volume?

Answer 17

The amount of space that the lungs take up

Question 18

What is the (air) pressure?

Answer 18

The force exerted inside the lungs

Question 19

What does the diaphragm and rib cage do when you exhale?

Answer 19

Diaphragm moves up

Rib cage moves down and in

Question 20

What does the diaphragm and rib cage do when you inhale?

Answer 20

Diaphragm moves down

Rib cage moves up and out

Question 21

What happens in gas exchange?

Answer 21

When gases diffuse between the air and the blood in the lungs

Question 22

Where do the gases move in gas exchange?

Answer 22

From where there is higher concentration to where there is lower concentration

Question 23

How much oxygen do you breathe in and out?

Answer 23

21%

16%

Question 24

How much carbon dioxide do you breathe in and out?

Answer 24

0.04%

4%

Question 25

How much nitrogen do you breath in and out?

Answer 25

78%

Question 26

How much water vapour do you breath in and out?

Answer 26

A little

A lot

Question 27

What are the three main factors that the alveoli depend on for diffusion?

Answer 27

Large surface area
Short distance
Diffusion gradient

Question 28

What does large surface area do?

Answer 28

The larger the surface area, the more gas can diffuse

Breathing in deeper lets the air get to more alveoli and so more oxygen can diffuse into the blood

Question 29

What does short distance do?

Answer 29

The walls of the alveoli and the blood capillaries are very thin and close together so that diffusion can happen very quickly

Question 30

What does the diffusion gradient do?

Answer 30

Gases move faster when there is a bigger difference in concentration
Breathing adds the oxygen to the alveoli and the bloodstream takes if away

Question 31

How are alveoli adapted to carry out gas exchange?

Answer 31

Have thin, moist walls so that gas can pass through them
Surround by many blood capillaries
Are very small, only 0.2mm in diameter and give the lungs a spongy texture and an enormous surface area

Question 32

How does asthma develop?

Answer 32

When the bronchial tubes become swollen or inflamed

The muscles around the tubes contract to make the tubes narrow, or the tubes are partly blocked by mucus

Question 33

What do swollen bronchial tubes cause?

Answer 33

Narrowing of tubes causes wheezing

Usually happens due to an allergy of dust or chemicals

Question 34

What happens in an asthma attack?

Answer 34

The triggers irritate the lining cells of the bronchi, and the body reacts by sending a type of white blood cell to destroy these cells
The lining becomes swollen, and mucus produced by the cells become thicker and cannot be removed by the lungs
The mucus starts to block the airways

Question 35

What is the brown inhaler?

Answer 35

The preventer

Question 36

What is the blue inhaler?

Answer 36

The reliever

Question 37

How do inhalers work?

Answer 37

By putting a fine spray of chemical around the air tubes inside the lungs-this makes the muscles relax and makes breathing easier

Question 38

What are some of the chemicals in cigarettes?

Answer 38

Nicotine
Tar
Carbon Monoxide
Ammonia

Question 39

What are the characteristics of nicotine?

Answer 39

Colourless chemical 
Powerful poison
Addictive
Affects heart, blood vessels and nervous system
Narrows coronary arteries
Increases risk of blood clots

Question 40

What are the characteristics of tar?

Answer 40

Sticky brown substance
Causes bronchitis, emphysema and cancer
Stains teeth and fingers yellow
Collects in the lungs

Question 41

Waht are the characteristics of carbon monoxide?

Answer 41

Odourless gas

Binds to red blood cells better than oxygen

Question 42

What are the characteristics of ammonia?

Answer 42

Strong smelling

Normally used as cleaning fluid