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Grade 10 science > Biology quiz > Flashcards

Biology quiz Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 3 reasons for cell division?

A

Reproduction
Growth
Repair

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2
Q

What is the importance of cell division?

A

Every animal stars life as a fertilized egg (a single cell)
Living things become complex, multicellular organisms through cell division

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3
Q

What is Cell division for reproduction?

A

Every single-celled organism (like bacteria) use cell division to reproduce

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of reproduction?

A

Sexual
Asexual

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5
Q

What is Sexual reproduction

A

Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically varied offspring
Each parent contributes a gamete (sperm / egg cell) that contains half the DNA of other body cells
These gametes join during fertilization & then divide many times

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6
Q

What is Asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically identical offspring
Every single-celled organism (like bacteria) use cell division to reproduce
Each time a bacterial cell divides, it becomes 2 new organisms
Some multicellular organisms can reproduce asexually (like plants)

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7
Q

What is cell division for growth?

A

As multicellular organisms grow, the number of cells increase
We have many small cells instead of fewer big cells to assist with chemical processes
Water & Chemicals need to be able to move into & out of cells quickly

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8
Q

What is diffusion?

A

The movement of chemicals from an area of higher to an area of lower concentration

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9
Q

What is Osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules from an area of lower to higher concentration

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10
Q

What is cell division for repair?

A

When our bodies “heal”, cell division is happening
We replace millions of skin cells everyday
Each red blood cell is replaced approx. every 120 days
New cells fill in the gaps when we have a cut

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11
Q

What is Cancer

A

Cancer is when cells grow and divide out of control
It is caused by a change or mutation in the DNA that controls the cell cycle
If the mother cell has the mutation, all the daughter cells will have the mutation

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12
Q

What is Cancer growth?

A

The uncontrolled spread of Cancerous cells

Many Cancerous cells from a tumour
A malignant tumour is cancerous and will spread

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13
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A

A benign tumour is not cancerous and will not spread

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14
Q

What is a malignant tumour?

A

A malignant tumour is cancerous and will spread
Malignant tumours keep body cells from doing their job
For example, liver cancer will prevent lover cells from filtering out blood

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15
Q

Causes of Cancer?

A

Some cellular mutations are caused by carcinogens

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16
Q

What are Carcinogens?

A

Carcinogens are environmental factors that cause cancer
Examples:
Tobacco smoke causes 90% of lung cancers

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17
Q

What is Cancer screening?

A

This means checking for cancer even when there are no symptoms
Especially important if you have a family history of a particular cancer
Does not prevent cancer, but can catch it earlier

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18
Q

Examples of cancer Screening?

A

Checking moles for skin cancer
Self-breast exams
Regular pep tests

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19
Q

Lifestyle?

A

The following can help reduce the risk of getting cancer
Avoid tobacco
Lots of fruits & Veggies
regular exercise
Many healthy people develop cancer due to hereditary & environmental factors

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20
Q

Diagnosing Cancer?

A

Cancer symptoms can include swelling/ discomfort, lethargy, weight-loss or pain
If cancer is suspected, the doctor will order blood tests and/or imaging techniques

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21
Q

What are Imaging Techniques?

A

X-ray
CT Scan
Ultrasound
MRI
Endoscope

22
Q

What is an X-ray

A

Uses X-Ray (type of radiation) to view internal anatomy such as bones & lungs
A mammogram is a special x-ray technique for breast tissue

23
Q

What is the name of a special x-ray technique used for breast tissue?

A

A mammogram

24
Q

What is a CT Scan

A

Takes multiple x-rays from different angles
Used on head or neck

25
Q

What is a Ultrasound?

A

Uses high frequency soundwaves to create digital image
Used to view soft tissue
Used during pregnancy

26
Q

What is an MRI?

A

Uses radio waves and magnets to create images that are more detailed than a CT scan

27
Q

What is an endoscope?

A

A fibre optic cable with a light & a camera on the end
Used to detect colon cancer

28
Q

What do you call doctors that deal with Cancer?

A

Oncologists

29
Q

What are Treatments for Cancer?

A

Surgery
Chemotherapy
Radiation
Biophotonics
Immunotherapy

30
Q

What is surgery(cancer)?

A

Physical removal of cancer tissue
Tumour needs to be well defined

31
Q

What is Chemotherapy (cancer)?

A

Chemo slows down or stops cancer cells from dividing and spreading by killing them
Can be oral or injectable
Often used to shrink a tumour before its surgically removed

32
Q

What is radiation(cancer)?

A

Beams of radiation are directed at a tumour and damage the DNA of Cancer Cells

33
Q

What is Biophotonics(cancer)?

A

Uses beams of light to detect and treat cancer
More accurate than radiation & has fewer side effects

34
Q

What is Immunotherapy(cancer)?

A

The stimulation of the immune system to fight cancer cells
Growing subspecialty of oncology

35
Q

What is Metastasis?

A

When cancer spreads to another part of the body and forms a second tumour

36
Q

What are specialized cells?

A

Specialized cells have physical and chemical differences that allow them to perform one job very well

37
Q

Examples of Specialized Cells?

A

Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood
White blood cells engulf bacteria and fight infections
Fat cells store fat molecules
Muscle cells are arranged in bundles and can contract and move our bones

38
Q

What is Cellular Differentiation?

A

All multicellular organisms start our as a single cell, called zygote
The zygote goes through a series of divisions to generate more cells
As these cells begin to form an embryo, the cells start to show differences in their shape, contents and functions
This is known as cellular differentiation

39
Q

What are Stem Cells?

A

An animal cell that can differentiate into many different cell types if called a stem cell
A mother stem cell can divide into two daughter cells that have different functions
This depends on which part of the mother cell’s DNA are switched on

40
Q

Types of Stem Cells?

A

Embryonic Stem Cells
Tissue Stem Cells

41
Q

What are Embryonic Stem Cells?

A

Can differentiate into any kind of cell

42
Q

What are Tissue Stem Cells?

A

Exist within specialized tissue
Are only able to differentiate into certain types of cells
I.e stem cells found in bone marrow can only differentiate into white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets

43
Q

What are Stem Cell uses?

A

Cord Blood Banking
Tissue Stem Cell Transportation
Regeneration & Tissue engineering

44
Q

What is Cord Blood Banking?

A

The umbilical cord is filled with tissue stem cells that are used to treat many childhood cancers such as leukemia

45
Q

What is Tissue Stem Cell transportation

A

Tissue stem cell transportation, also known as stem cell transplantation or stem cell therapy, involves the transfer of stem cells from one location to another within an organism

Leukemia is a cancer that occurs in the bone marrow
In treatment, all the diseased white blood cells must be removed & the bone marrow must be killed (through chemo)
Healthy bone marrow cells or cord blood can be obtained from a carefully matched donor
The healthy cells are injected into the patients blood

46
Q

What is regeneration & tissue engineering?

A

Regeneration refers to the ability of a tissue to repair itself
Skin, muscle, and bone cells can regenerate after an injury
Nerve cells can not do this
Some organisms (salamanders, starfish, flatworms) can regenerate lost limbs
Scientists are researching ways to regenerate human body tissues and parts that do not usually regenerate
Field of research is called tissue engineering
Could be useful for treating spinal cord injuries, for different types of tissue grafting, and for testing new drugs

47
Q

What are Organ Systems?

A

Help animals achieve basic jobs, whether they are a frog or a human

48
Q

What are examples of Organ systems?

A

Digestive System
Respiratory System
Musculoskeletal System
Immune System

49
Q

Organs:

A

Organs work together to make organ systems
For example, the digestive system has the stomach, intestines, pancreas and more

50
Q

Tissues:

A

Tissues are part of the body that are made up of similar cells

51
Q

Examples of tissues?

A

Brain tissue
Muscle tissue
Skin tissue
Liver tissue

Grade 10 science (1 decks)

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