Biology quick ones

Question 1

what does homeostasis mean?

Answer 1

maintaining a stable internal environment despite internal and external conditions

Question 2

what system does our body use to keep it regulated?

Answer 2

automatic control system

Question 3

what does automatic control system mean?

Answer 3

recognising a change from the surroundings and reversing the change.

Question 4

what are the three main components of automatic control system

Answer 4

receptors- detect a change
coordination centres-interpret a change
effectors-carry out the change

Question 5

How does the nervous system work

Answer 5

sending fast impulses through nerves to respond quickly

Question 6

how does the endocrine system work

Answer 6

the endocrine system relies on hormones and affects certain cells.This system is slower and more long lasting

Question 7

What order are the signals passed along the control system

Answer 7

receptors—coordination centres–effector

Question 8

two types of effectors

Answer 8

muscles which contract
glands which release hormones

Question 9

what is negative feedback

Answer 9

a dramatic movement away from ideal conditions internally that results in changes which bring them back

Question 10

two properties of a nerve cell

Answer 10

long and thin

Question 11

what do nerve cells need in order to communicate with each other

Answer 11

a synapse - gap between cells that pass along a message

Question 12

how do nerve cells work

Answer 12

an electrical impulse will hit a nerve- it causes a release in chemicals which diffuse through gap across next nerve cell and so on.

Question 13

what does central nervous system mean

Answer 13

takes in sensory information- and acts upon it using your body

Question 14

Order of central nervous system

Answer 14

receive information from sensory neurone
2)carry information from receptors to cns
3)once cns has decided the motor neurone sends impulses across body back out to effectors

Question 15

what is a reflex arc

Answer 15

an unconscious decision made rapidly by the body

Question 16

two properties of reflex arc

Answer 16

fast and rapid

Question 17

why are reflex arc beneficial

Answer 17

it helps keep body safe because of their speed

Question 18

reflex arc order

Answer 18

stimuli-receptor cells-sensory neurone-spinal cord-relay neurone-motor neurone- effector

Question 19

what does the endocrine system do

Answer 19

allows different parts of the body to communicate

Question 20

how does the endocrine system work

Answer 20

glands release chemicals called hormones
2)these chemicals bind to cells and are released into blood stream- which allows them to travel everywhere
3)they can bind to specific cells with the correct receptors to cause a change in cells.

Question 21

what does the endocrine system consist of

Answer 21

consists of glands that release hormones all over the body

Question 22

what are the four main glands of the body

Answer 22

pituitary gland,adrenal glands,thyroid,pancreas

Question 23

what does pituitary gland mean

Answer 23

tells body what to do and can influence others

Question 24

what does the thyroid do

Answer 24

(produces thyroxine) regulates rate of metabolism -growth and development-

Question 25

what is thyroid stimulating hormone

Answer 25

stimulates thyroid to produce more thyroxine (example of negative feedback)

Question 26

what do the adrenal glands do

Answer 26

release andrenalin for situations of stress or fear

Question 27

what does the pancreas

Answer 27

produces insulin to regulate glucose

Question 28

What do testes do

Answer 28

produce testosterone and sperm

Question 29

what do ovaries do

Answer 29

produce oestrogen(influences puberty) and egg cells

Question 30

what is the difference between endocrine system and nervous system

Answer 30

endocrine system relies on hormones and spreads around body slowly but with long lasting effects. nervous system relies on electrical impulses that spread quickly and doesnt last long

Question 31

why is glucose important for the body

Answer 31

glucose is needed by cells to release energy by respiration. it is IMPORTANT for glucose con. to be kept constant

Question 32

what is excess glucose called?

Answer 32

glucagon

Question 33

where is excess glucose stored?

Answer 33

liver and muscle cell

Question 34

what does type 1 diabetes mean

Answer 34

pancreas does not produce enough insulin

Question 35

what do type 1 diabetes patients have to do ?

Answer 35

monitor their blood glucose concentration 2)inject insulin if they take too much glucose

Question 36

what does type 2 diabetes mean

Answer 36

body cells stop responding to insulin produced by pancreas

Question 37

what do type 2 diabetes patients have to do ?

Answer 37

treated by diet

Question 38

what happens when glucose level falls

Answer 38

the pancreas release hormone GLUCAGON into bloodstream this triggers liver cells to convert glucagon back to glucose - which causes the glucose level to return to normal

Question 39

what happens during puberty

Answer 39

reproductive hormones causes sexual characteristics to develop

Question 40

what happens during menstrual cycle

Answer 40

1)ovary releases an egg 2)the uterus lining becomes thick and spongy 3)when the egg goes down to the uterus: -if sperm present then egg will become fertilised -if no sperm then the egg and uterus lining are released

Question 41

what does follicle stimulating hormone

Answer 41

causes egg to mature

Question 42

luteinising hormone

Answer 42

causes egg to be released(ovulation )

Question 43

what does contraceptions

Answer 43

preventing fertilisation

Question 44

oral contraception(pill)

Answer 44

stop body producing FSH

Question 45

advantage of oral contraception

Answer 45

highly effective ,

Question 46

disadvantage of oral contraception

Answer 46

has to be takes everyday

Question 47

side effects of oral contraceptions

Answer 47

increased risk of breast cancer or blood clot (small risk)

Question 48

to prevent baby - implant/injection

Answer 48

contains progestrone which enters your body

Question 49

advantages of taking injection to prevent fertilisation

Answer 49

more convenient- do not have to take everyday

Question 50

advantages of a condom / diaphragm

Answer 50

doesnt spread HIV no side effects

Question 51

disadvantage of a condom

Answer 51

break during intercourse

Question 52

what is an IUD

Answer 52

prevents embryo from bieng planted

Question 53

effects on IUD

Answer 53

-lasts 10 years -few side effects -doesnt protect againsts STI

Question 54

what is sterilisation

Answer 54

surgical method to prevent pregnancy

Question 55

effects of sterilisation

Answer 55

-highly effective -cannot be reversed -doesnt protect against sti

Question 56

what is one way a women could get pregnant having infertility

Answer 56

1)LH and FSH injected into womens body 2)fertilisation takes place outside body as egg as egg and sperm cells taken to develop an embryo and is placed into women uterus

Question 57

benefit of IVF

Answer 57

-gives chance for pregnancy

Question 58

disadvantage of IVF

Answer 58

-stressful for parents -lots of money -low success rate

Question 59

advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 59

offspring can be better adapted to environment

Question 60

advantage of asexual reproduction

Answer 60

only one organism needed

Question 61

what does variation mean

Answer 61

result on both genetic and environmental factors

Question 62

what is dawins theory

Answer 62

random variation in offspring would mean offspring is better adapted to environment

Question 63

what is lamarks theory

Answer 63

adaptations are a result of environment affecting characteristics

Question 64

what is selective breeding

Answer 64

breeding organisms with desired characteristics to produce offspring which expresses them more

Question 65

steps for genetic engineering

Answer 65

1)desired gene is cut from organisms dna using enzymes 2)gene is inserted into a vector 3)vector inserts gene into cells 4)organisms will then develop with these charcateristics

Question 66

Fossils

Answer 66

decayed remained of organisms from millions of years ago