Biology quarter 2 module 2

Question 1

Biological molecules that do not dissolve in water but can be dissolve in non-polar solvents

Answer 1

Lipids

Question 2

Lipids are hydrophobic because they contain long chains of non-polar _________ bonds

Answer 2

Carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen

Question 3

Lipids can be synthesized from carbohydrates in cells, this means that too much carbohydrates (sugars) in the body can turned into __________

Answer 3

Fats

Question 4

Lipids contain more stored energy (providing nine food calories or ________) than any other organic compound

Answer 4

37 kJ of energy per gram

Question 5

Function for the cushioning of vital organs and provides insulation against cold

Answer 5

Lipids

Question 6

lipids play important roles in plasma membrane structure and serve as precursors for important ________ hormones.

Answer 6

Reproductive

Question 7

Commonly known as fat molecule and consist of three long hydrocarbon chains attached to a carboxyl group called fatty acids bonded to glycerol forms the triglyceride’s backbone

Answer 7

Triglyceride

Question 8

A three-carbon alcohol that contains three hydroxyl (OH) groups

Answer 8

Glycerol

Question 9

Although triglycerides do not consist of long strings of similar monomers, cells still use __________ to produce them

Answer 9

Dehydration synthesis

Question 9

link three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule, yielding three water molecules per triglyceride.

Answer 9

Enzymes

Question 10

Nutrition labels divide fats into two groups

Answer 10

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 11

The degree of saturation is determined by the _____ of a fatty acid

Answer 11

Hydrogen content

Question 12

Single bonds connect all carbons and each carbon has two hydrogens

Answer 12

Saturated fats

Question 13

It contains all the hydrogen it possibly can

Answer 13

Saturated fats

Question 14

Straight and are tightly packed against each other

Answer 14

Saturated fats

Question 15

Saturated fats result to fats _____ at room temperature.

Answer 15

Solid

Question 16

They are mostly come from animal fats such as bacon fat and butter

Answer 16

Saturated fats

Question 17

Most nutritionist recommend a diet low in saturated fats because it may increase the risk of ________

Answer 17

Cardiovascular disease

Question 18

A type of cardiovascular disease that involves clogging up of arteries

Answer 18

Atherosclerosis

Question 19

It has a double bond between carbon atoms, as it now has fewer hydrogen bonds

Answer 19

Unsaturated fats

Question 20

Since it has less C-H bonds, it has less energy or calories

Answer 20

Unsaturated fats

Question 21

If there is just one double bond in a fatty acid, it’s _________

Answer 21

Monounsaturated or oleic acid

Question 22

If there are multiple double bonds,

Answer 22

Polyunsaturated or linoleic acid

Question 23

Generally, they are liquid in room temperature because the double bonds cause kinks in the tails thus the molecules cannot pack tightly together

Answer 23

Unsaturated fats

Question 24

Unsaturated fats primarily come from __________

Answer 24

Plants

Question 25

Examples are corn oil and olive oil

Answer 25

Unsaturated fats

Question 26

Used as substitute for animal fats

Answer 26

Coconut oils and palm-kernel oils

Question 27

Turn vegetable oils which are made up of unsaturated fats, into solid fats

Answer 27

Partial degeneration

Question 28

This is done by attaching hydrogen atoms onto the carbons that makes it chemically look and taste like saturated fat

Answer 28

Partial degeneration

Question 29

Unsaturated fats whose fatty acid tails are straight

Answer 29

Trans-fat

Question 30

Other term for trans-fat

Answer 30

Hydrogenated vegetable oil

Question 31

Example of this such is margarine

Answer 31

Hydrogenated vegetable oil

Question 32

It is recommended to have a low intake of Trans fat as possible as this may increase the risk of _____ more than animal fats

Answer 32

Heart disease

Question 33

An excellent energy source, providing more than twice as much energy than carbohydrates or proteins

Answer 33

Fats

Question 34

Responsible for low digestion, and they are required for the use of some vitamins and minerals.

Answer 34

Fats

Question 35

Nutrition experts recommend individuals to ear nuts and oily fish such as salmon, which contain ________ and other “good fats”

Answer 35

Polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids

Question 36

Its structure is similar to a triglyceride, typically consist of fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol backbone

Answer 36

Phospholipids

Question 37

It generally have only two, and a modified phosphate group occupies the third carbon of the glycerol backbone

Answer 37

Phospholipids

Question 38

Identifiable by their structure of having four interconnected or fused carbon rings although they are different from other lipids structurally, they classified as lipids because they are soluble in nonpolar solvents

Question 39

Steroids are classified as lipids because they are soluble in _________

Answer 39

Nonpolar solvents

Question 40

Common steroid present in any food from animal source such as meat, fish, eggs and can be also synthesized in the liver

Answer 40

Cholesterol

Question 41

Animal cells uses cholesterol as a starting material to make other lipids including

Answer 41

Vitamin D, sex hormones testosterone and estrogen

Question 42

Though cholesterol is essential, an unhealthy diet can easily contribute to cholesterol levels that are too high, increasing the risk of _____________

Answer 42

Cardiovascular disease