Biology Pt.3

Question 1

Cells are “open systems,” what does this mean?

Answer 1

that they must interact with their environment to survive

Question 2

________ are chemicals produced in one part of your body that act on a different part

Answer 2

Hormones

eg. the hormone adrenaline is produced in your brain but acts all over your body in times of stress or excitement

Question 3

________ on the surface of the cells allow transmitters to attach o the cell and carry out their function

Answer 3

Receptors

Question 4

Only transmitters with the correct _______ can attach themselves on to a specific receptor, similar to a _____ and ______ method

Answer 4

Shape
Lock and key method

Question 5

What is a “System”

Answer 5

A set of interconnected parts

Question 6

What is the function of the Cell Membrane?

Answer 6

It acts as a protective barrier and allows for the transportation of materials into the cell and for waste to go out of the cell.
Its important for cell communication since the outer layer has receptor proteins

Question 7

What are the three types of systems

Answer 7

Open system (exchanges matter and energy with the environment eg.human body)

Closed system (exchanges energy but not matter eg. sealed glass jar)

isolated System (exchanges neither energy or matter, doesn’t exist in reality)

Question 8

What is the Function of the Cell Wall?

Answer 8

Gives plant cells strength and support

Question 9

What is the function of cytoplasm

Answer 9

A gel-like substance that gives the cell structure , and stores nutrients until organelles are ready to use them

Question 10

Organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and can move around through the process of ____________ ___________

Answer 10

Cytoplasmic Streaming

Question 11

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 11

acts as a frame (similar to bones in a human)

Question 12

What is the Function of the Nucleus?

Answer 12

contains the DNA / genetic material of the cell. Directs cellular activities (including mitosis) and is surrounded by the nuclear envelope

Question 13

What is the Vacuole

Answer 13

membrane-bound structures that store water in plans, if its not full, the cells become weak. Animal cells have vacuoles but its a lot smaller

Question 14

_______ pressure makes the plant cell firm

Answer 14

Turgor pressure

Question 15

What are Vesticles

Answer 15

small bubbles with the same structure as the cell membrane, it transports substances throughout the cell

Question 16

What is the Function of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 16

they are flat discs involved in packaging and transport; Receives the products assembled in the ER and transports them out of the cell

Question 17

What are ribosomes

Answer 17

granules attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 18

What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum? (ER)

Answer 18

a series of tubes branching off the nuclear envelope

Question 19

What are Rough ER’s

Answer 19

has a grainy appearance due to the attached ribosomes, responsible for synthesizing proteins

Question 20

What are Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (fat synthesis)

Answer 20

has a smooth appearance and takes lipid building blocks and assembles fats (animal cells) and oils (plant cells)

Question 21

What are Lysosomes?

Answer 21

membrane-bound sacs containing strong digestive enzymes. it kills invading bacteria and destroys damaged cell organelles

Question 22

What is the function of Chloroplasts?

Answer 22

found in plant cells and have a green pigment called chlorophyll. Its the site of photosynthesis

Question 23

What does the Mitochondria do?

Answer 23

Its the site of cellular respiration. Chemical energy (glucose) is converted into usable energy.

Cells with higher energy are packed with mitochondria