Biology- proteins and enzymes

Question 1

protein characteristic

Answer 1

used in a variety of cell functions, metabolic reactions, structure, enzymes, DNA replication, facilitated diffusion, energy production, cellular respiration

Question 2

facilitated diffusion

Answer 2

use of protein channels to move molecules in/out of a cell

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

process of creating glucose

Question 4

cellular respiration

Answer 4

process of creating ATP

Question 5

monomer

Answer 5

20 different types of amino acids

Question 6

polymer

Answer 6

Polypeptides, created by ribosomes, are proteins formed from a collection of polypeptides (the arrangement of amino acids determines the protein)

Question 7

primary structure

Answer 7

A polypeptide is just a sequence of amino acids

Question 8

secondary structure

Answer 8

structure when they hydrogen bond, Alpha Helix and Beta pleated sheet

Question 9

Tertiary structure

Answer 9

the R groups begin to fold ( hydrophobic will stay together and hydrophilic will stay together, hydrophilic on the outside hydrophobic on the inside)

Question 10

Quaternary structure

Answer 10

two proteins coming together

Question 11

Sickle Cell

Answer 11

Red blood cells are unable to roll, carry less O2, more likely to clog, caused by misshapen hemoglobin protein

Question 12

Types of amino acids

Answer 12

nonpolar hydrophobic, Basic pH, Polar hydrophilic neutral pH, Acidic pH

Question 13

Amino acid structure

Answer 13

1) central C 2) Amino group (NH2) 3)H 4) Carboxyl group (COOH) 5) R group

Question 14

how do amino acids bond to each other

Answer 14

they bond through dehydration synthesis

Question 15

what are the building blocks of protein called

Answer 15

Amino Acids

Question 16

Serine is one of ___ of these building blocks

Answer 16

20

Question 17

witch organelle of the cell puts the R group, carboxyl group, and amino group together

Answer 17

ribosome

Question 18

what is the bond between building blocks called?

Answer 18

peptide bond

Question 19

each amino acid is unique due to their

Answer 19

R group

Question 20

protein common foods

Answer 20

Meats, beans, eggs, nuts

Question 21

how are common proteins digested?

Answer 21

1) protein is denatured in the stomach, 2) further digested in the small intestine 3) amino acids enter the bloodstream and are transported around the body
peptide bonds are broken through hydrolysis

Question 22

Fibrous

Answer 22

S- long narrow
P- structural
A- repeating amino acids sequence
D- less sensitive to pH, salt, and temperature
E- collagen, keratin, actin
S- not soluble in water

Question 23

Globular

Answer 23

S- Round/ spherical
P- functional- a “role”
A- irregular amino acids sequence
D- More sensitive to pH, salt, and temperature
E- albumin (egg whites), enzymes, hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying molecule in the blood)
S- soluble in water

Question 24

Enzymes

Answer 24

globular, category of protein, lower energy needed to start a chemical reaction, sensitive to environment: denatured by pH and temperature fluctuations
Body temp: 37 C, if high fever enzymes lose the ability to work, alcohol poisoning
very specific in actions: amylase breaks down starch into simple sugars, lactase breaks lactose down into simple sugars

Question 25

activation energy

Answer 25

amount of energy needed to start a reaction

Question 26

ATP+ H20

Answer 26

ADP+P+Energy

Question 27

The energy (heat)

Answer 27

is used to warm the body

Question 28

exothermic reaction

Answer 28

A chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs

Question 29

Energy is released when

Answer 29

Bonds are broken

Question 30

cellular respiration

Answer 30

Process that breaks down glucose to make it cellular energy

Question 31

C6H12O6+6O2

Answer 31

6CO2+6H20+energy

Question 32

endothermic reactions

Answer 32

Chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases

Question 33

Catalysts

Answer 33

A substance that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 34

substrate

Answer 34

A molecule that binds to the enzyme

Question 35

active site

Answer 35

Location on the enzyme where substrates bind to the enzyme

Question 36

Enzymes do what

Answer 36

They weaken and break the bonds of the substrate.

Question 37

Enzyme substrate complex

Answer 37

substrate plus enzyme