Biology plants + biodiversity Flashcards
What traps light for photosynthesis in a palisade cell?
The chloroplast
What is the cell wall in a plant cell made of?
The cellulose
What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
water + carbon dioxide —–>(light energy)——> glucose + oxygen
What is the main function of a guard cell?
Guard cells exchange for respiration. When the plant has lots of water, the guard cells fill with it and open the stomata so gases can be exchanged for photosynthesis. When the plant is short of water, the guard cells lose water and become flaccid, making the stomata close. This helps too much water vapour escaping.
What is the main function of a palisade cell?
Palisade cells are located on the outmost layer of the leaf. They contain many chloroplasts to absorb a large amount of sunlight from to undergo photosynthesis.
What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 —>light energy—-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
what is the function of mitochondria in a cell?
This is where energy is released through respiration
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It therefore controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains genetic material, including DNA, which controls the cell’s activities.
What are 3 things a plant can use glucose for?
For respiration to make energy
To make starch for energy storage
For growth: to make amino acids / cellulose / DNA
What is the function of a permanent vacuole in a plant cell?
It contains cell sap which keeps the cell turgid
What are 3 organelles that are found in plant cells but NOT in animal cells?
Chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall
Describe the structure of the xylem:
They are hollow tubes made up of dead cells. They carry water and mineral ions up the plant. The xylem transports water and minerals in one direction only i.e) from roots to the leaves.
They can carry large volumes of water providing there is no break in the column.
Describe the structure of the phloem:
Phloem are tubes which contain living cells. The phloem carries sugars made in photosynthesis from the leaf to the parts of the plant where sugar is required e.g) the roots and the growing tips. The sugars are transferred both ways along the phloem.
What happens to the glucose that is made in photosynthesis?
The glucose is converted to different molecules. These include amino acid, fats and starch. Glucose is also converted to cellulose which is required for the cell wall. Amino acids are used to make proteins required for growth and repair.
What are the plant organs and the tissues called?
Upper epidermis- tell me about it
Epidermis is transparent to let light through. The cuticle covers the epidermis to help reduce water loss
Tell me about the palisade layer
Tell me about the spongy mesophyll
How are the tissues of the leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange?
Label the leaf and draw it out
What do guard cells do?
What effects the rate of photosynthesis?
Light
temp
amount of chlorophyll
water
carbon dioxide
Tell me about the limiting factors affectign the rate of photosynthesis
What is transpiration?
How do these factors affect transpiration?
Glucose
1. Turned into starch and stored in roots, stems and cells such as potatoes
2. Glucose combined with nitrates from soil to make amino acids and then to make protein
3. Glucose converted to cellulose -to make cell walls
Name 3 ways seeds are dispersed
- wind dispersal- e.g seeds spin like helicopters
- Animals pass seeds through their digestive system
3.or hooked fruits attach to animal fur and get dispersed
Tell me about the carbon cycle
