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Biology > Biology Paper 1 - AQA > Flashcards

Biology Paper 1 - AQA Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Tissue is one type of cell, carrying out one function

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2
Q

What is an organ?

A

And organ is made up from different tissues, carrying out a joint function

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3
Q

What is an organ system?

A

And organ system are groups of organs that carry out a function

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4
Q

What does the mouth do in the digestive system?

A

Mechanical breakdown

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5
Q

What does the salivary gland produce?

A

It produced amylase

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6
Q

What does the liver produce and what does this thing do?

A
  • Produced bile

- Bile emulsifiers fats neutralises stomach acid

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7
Q

What does the gall bladder store?

A

Stores bile

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8
Q

What does the small intestine move and where to?

A

Moves glucose, ions etc into blood

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9
Q

What does the stomach do?

A
  • chums up food
  • stomach acid (HCl) kills bacteria
  • provides environment for protease to work
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10
Q

What does the pancreas produce?

A

Produces enzymes

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11
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Removes excess water

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12
Q

Purpose of rectum and anus?

A

Gets rid of waste food

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13
Q

Lipase breaks down _____ into _______made in _______works in ______.
What goes in the gaps?

A 
Lipase
Breaks down (fats)
Into (fatty acids + glycerol)
Made in (pancreas, small intestine)
Works in (small intestine)
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14
Q

Protease breaks down ______ into ________ made in ________ works in ______.
What goes into the gaps?

A 
Protease
Breaks down (proteins) 
Into (amino acids) 
Made in (stomach, pancreas, small intestine)
Works in (stomach, small intestine)
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15
Q

Amylase breaks down _____ into _____ made in _____ works in ______.
What goes into the gaps?

A 
Amylase
Breaks down (starch)
Into (sugars)
Made in (salivary gland, pancreas, small intestine)
Works in (mouth, small intestine)
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16
Q

Stem cells are _________ and can become _________.

What is missing?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated and can become specialised.

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17
Q

Where do adult stem cells come from?

+other info

A

Bone marrow

  • can’t be turned into many types of cell
  • painful to extract
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18
Q

Positives to embryonic stem cells?

A 
Positives
- can differentiate into everything 
- can be used to treat Parkinson's and organ failure 
Issue
- but there are ethical issues
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19
Q

Controversy of using embryonic stem cells?

A
  • human embryos created + destroyed

- religious objections

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20
Q

What is the method used for stem cells?

A
  • nuclei removed from egg cell
  • nuclei from patient cell inserted into empty egg
  • egg starts to develop into embryo
  • stem cells removed from embryo
  • stem cells turned into new cell
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21
Q

Uses of stem cells?

A
  • treating Parkinson’s - growing new brain cells
  • bone and spinal injury - growing new bone cells
  • organ failure - growing new organs/ parts of organs
22
Q

What is diffusion?

A
  • the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration.
23
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from and area of high concentration to a low concentration.

24
Q

What is active transport?

A

Movement across membrane from low to high concentration.

25
Q

Where does the blood enter the heart?

A

Vena cava

26
Q

Where does the blood go after entering the heat through the vena cava?

A

Into the right atrium

27
Q

After the blood passes the right atrium it goes down through a valve into where?

A

The right ventricle

28
Q

What does the blood go through to get into the lungs after the right ventricle?

A

pulmonary artery

29
Q

What does the blood comes back to the heart from the lungs through?

A

pulmonary veins

30
Q

Where does the blood go after the pulmonary veins?

A

Left atrium

31
Q

Where does the blood go after the left atrium?

A

Left ventricle

32
Q

What is the blood pumped to the rest of the body through?

A

aorta

33
Q

What do valves do?

A

Valves only allow blood to flow through and controls the blood flow

34
Q

Why is the right side of the heart smaller?

A

Only needs to pump blood to lungs which is a short distance

35
Q

Why is the left side of the heart bigger?

A

It has to be able to pump blood through the body which is a big distance

36
Q

Equation for photosynthesis?

A

Water + carbon —> oxygen + glucose

6H2O + 6CO2 —> 6O2 + C6H12O6

37
Q

Is photosynthesis exothermic or endothermic?

A

Endothermic

38
Q

Is respiration exothermic or endothermic?

A

Exothermic

39
Q

What is exothermic?

A

Energy is given out

40
Q

What is endothermic?

A

Takes in energy

41
Q

What will glucose from photosynthesis be stored as?

A

Starch

Example - potatoes

42
Q

What does anaerobic respiration mean?

A

Without oxygen

43
Q

What does anaerobic respiration turn glucose into?

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

44
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Yeast + glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol

45
Q

Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing?

A

Oxygen debt which can make you breath heavily

46
Q

What is metabolism?

A

Rate that chemical reactions take part in your body

47
Q

How does your stomach protect you?

A

Acid kills bacteria

48
Q

How does your nose, trachea and bronchi protect you?

A

Have mucus and hairs

49
Q

How does skin protect you?

A

It’s a barrier

50
Q

How to your eyes protect you?

A

Uses tears

Biology (1 decks)

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