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GCSE AQA Combined Science - Biology > Biology - Paper 1 > Flashcards

Biology - Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Type of cell

What does Eukaryotic mean

A

Cell with membrane bound nuclues and other organelles

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2
Q

Type of Cell

Prokaryotic

A

Cell without a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles

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3
Q

Specialised/Differentiated

A

Cell adapted to function

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish between 2 points

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5
Q

Magnification

A

Number of times that the image is larger thean the initial object

e.g - x5

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6
Q

Parts of Animal cell

A

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane

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7
Q

Parts of Plant Cell

A

Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Ribosome, Mitochondria, Cell Membrane, Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell Wall

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8
Q

What parts are present in Plant cells than the Animal cell

A

Chloroplasts, Vacuole, Cell wall

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9
Q

What is the Nucleus

A

Controls all the cell activities

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10
Q

What is cytoplasm

A

Where the chemical reactions take place

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11
Q

What is Mitochondria

A

Where respiration takes place and releases energy

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12
Q

What is the Ribosome

A

Where protein synthsesis takes place

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13
Q

What is the Chloroplasts

A

Where photosynthesis

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14
Q

What is the Cell wall

A

Provides support for the cell

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15
Q

What is the Vacuole

A

For support and it stores cell sap

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16
Q

What is the Cell Membrane

A

Controls what enters and exits the cell

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17
Q

2 types of microscopes

A

Light and Electron

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18
Q

Why is electron microscope superior

A

Has a greater resolution and magnification along with clarity

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19
Q

Why is a light microscope superior

A

Shows image in colour

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20
Q

Formula for Magnification

A

Image Size/Actual size

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21
Q

Describe a Prokaryotic Cells

A

Flaggelum - creates movement
Plasmid DNA - contains genes
Chromosomal DNA - Found loose in the nucleus

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22
Q

Conversion Rates for Centi (cm)

A

10^-2

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23
Q

Conversion rates for Milli (mm)

A

10^-3

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24
Q

Conversion rate for micro (um)

A

10^-6

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25
Q

Conversion rates for nano (nm)

A

10^-9

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26
Q

Conversion rates for pico (pm)

A

10^-12

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27
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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28
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of **Water ** from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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29
Q

Active Transport

A

Movment of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration

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30
Q

Whats a Semi-permeable membrane

A

Allows ceratain things through - contols what passes in and out

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31
Q

What substances need to enter and leave the cell

A

Oxygen and nutrients into cell
Carbon dioxide and waste products out of cell

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32
Q

What is an Enzyme

A

A biological Catlyst

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33
Q

What does a catalyst do ?

A

Speeds up the breakdown or synthesis of molecules

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34
Q

What is a substrate

A

The subtance that the enzymes break down

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35
Q

What is a product

A

What is produced

36
Q

What is an active site ?

A

Where the substrate fits into to start the reaction

37
Q
A
38
Q

What does it mean if something has denatured

A

When the active site changes shape and substrate no longer fits

39
Q

What does optimum mean

A

Where the Enzyme activity peaks and is at its best

40
Q

Breakdown of protein molecule

A

Broken by protease into amino acids

41
Q

Breakdown of a starch molecule

A

Broken by amylase into glucose molecules

42
Q

Breakdown of lipids

A

Broken by lipase into Fatty acids and glycerol

43
Q

3 Parts of the nervous system

A

Receptors
Nerve cells ( neurones )
Central Nervous System

44
Q

Sensory Neurones

A

Carry information from the receptors

45
Q

Relay Neurones

A

In the spinal cord and Brain

46
Q

Motor Neurones

A

Connected to an effector ( like a muscle or gland )

47
Q

Whats the Cell body

A

Where the nucleus can be found

48
Q

away

Axon

A

Conducts an impulse away from the cell body

49
Q

towards

Dendron

A

Takes impulses from synapse towarsd to cell body

50
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulates the neruone to spped up impulses

51
Q

Synapse

A

Space between two neurons
Electrical impulses can’t cross the gap so neuro transmiters are used instead

52
Q

Neurotransmiters

A

Released from axon terminal and onlt travel in one direction

53
Q

Reflex Arc

A

Stimulus, Receptor, Sensory Neurone, Relay Neurone, Motor Neurone, Effector, Response

54
Q

Mitosis

A

Process of cells dividing to produce two diploid cells (Identical)

55
Q

Meiosis

A

Form of cell division where parents cells produce 4 haploid cells ( genetic variation )

56
Q

Diploid

A

Cell or nucleus that has 2 sets of chromosomes

57
Q

Haploid

A

One set of chromosomes

58
Q

Meristem

A

Small area of undifferentiated cells in a plant where cells are dividing with mitosis

59
Q

Stem cell

A

Unspecialised cell that continues to divide by mitosis to produce more stem cells that differentiate into specialised cells

60
Q

Cancer

A

Disease caused by uncontrolled division of stem cells in the body

61
Q

I Put my ass through cannock

A

Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis

62
Q

Prophase

A

Chromosomes condense and the membrane disappears

63
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

64
Q

Anaphase

A

Spindle fibres pull chromosomes to different ends of the cell

65
Q

Telophase

A

New membranes form around the chromosomes at each end

66
Q

Cytokinesis

A

Cell membrane pinches in and divides into two daughter cells

67
Q

Alleles

A

different forms of the same gene

68
Q

Homozygous

A

Both forms of gene are the same

69
Q

Heterozygous

A

Both forms of the gene are different

70
Q

Genotype

A

The present alleles

71
Q

Phenotype

A

Characteristics produced from alleles

72
Q

A, T G, C

Four bases

A

Adenosine, Thymine
Guanine, Cytosine

73
Q

Human Genome mapping project

A

Map base pares in human genome
Identify risks of disease
Choose more effective medicines

74
Q

Classifications

A

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukarya
(king prawns or fat greasy sausages)
Domains split into Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

75
Q

Binomial System for naming

A

names by organisms by genus and species in Latin

76
Q

Communicable

A

Can be passed on from organism to organism

77
Q

Pathogen

A

Causes disease

78
Q

Antibody

A

Protein caused by lymphocytes, attaches to a specific antigen

79
Q

Antigens

A

protein on surface of cell - stick out

80
Q

BMI

A

Weight/height^2

81
Q

Viruses

A

HIV/Ebola - Tobacco mosaic virus

82
Q

Bacteria

A

Salmonella, Cholera, TB, Helicobacter - Agrobacterium

83
Q

Fungi

A

Athletes foot - Black rose spot/Chalara ash dieback

84
Q

Protists

A

Malaria - Downy Mildew

85
Q

Drug development process

A

tested on cells or bacteria
tested on animals
tested on healthy people
tested on diseased people

GCSE AQA Combined Science - Biology (2 decks)

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