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10 > Biology- Organisation > Flashcards

Biology- Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of blood?

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

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2
Q

What is the function of plasma

A

Transports everything in blood

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3
Q

What does plasma contain? 4 examples

A

Urea, CO2, hormones, glycerol ect

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4
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen around the body

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5
Q

How are red blood cells adapted? 2 examples

A

Biconcave shape- big surface area to carry more oxygen
Haemoglobin- Binds the oxygen to the red blood cell

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6
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Defence against pathogens

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7
Q

How do white blood cells attack pathogens?

A

Antibodies, antitoxins or engulf

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8
Q

What is the function of platelets?

A

Clots blood so no viruses get in and you don’t bleed to death

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9
Q

What are platelets?

A

Fragments of cells

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10
Q

Explain what is meant by double circulatory system.

A
  • Two circuits
  • One pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
  • One pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of body
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11
Q

Describe the structure of the heart (only atriums and ventricles)

A
  • Blood enters right atruim
  • Blood enters right ventricle
  • Blood returns from lungs to left atrium
  • Blood enters left ventricle
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12
Q

What vein enters the right atrium?

A

Vena cava

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13
Q

Which artery leaves the right ventricle?

A

Pulmonary artery

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14
Q

Which vein enters the left atrium?

A

Pulmonary vein

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15
Q

Which artery leaves the left ventricle?

A

Aorta

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16
Q

What supply the outside of the heart with blood?

A

Coronary arteries

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17
Q

Why are the coronary arteries important?

A

They supply the heart with blood and allow respiration to release energy and pump the blood

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18
Q

Why is the left side of the heart stronger?

A

It has to pump blood around the whole body. Right only goes to lungs.

19
Q

Where and what are the pacemaker cells?

A
  • Right atrium
  • Control the resting heart rate
20
Q

What causes coronary heart disease?

A

Coronary arteries being blocked by fatty deposits

21
Q

What is a stent?

A

A small metal tube that widens blocked arteries and maintains blood flow.

22
Q

What happens if your heart fails?

A

You need a heart transplant

23
Q

What happens if you have leaky heart valves?

A

You get replacement ones. Either biological or mechanical

24
Q

What are statins?

A

Drugs that lower cholesterol and lower risk of heart disease

25
Q

What happens if you have an irregular heart beat?

A

Get an artificial pacemaker

26
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

To carry blood away from the heart

27
Q

What is the function of veins?

A

To carry blood towards the heart

28
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

To carry blood close to cells and allow diffusion

29
Q

Compare veins and arteries structures

A
  • Arteries have thicker muscle tissue
  • Arteries have thicker layer of elastic tissue
  • Veins have wider lumens
  • Only veins have valves
30
Q

What is the structure of the lungs?

A

Trachea —> Bronchi —> Bronchioles —> Alveoli

31
Q

Where in the lungs does gas exchange happen?

A

Alveoli

32
Q

Name 2 adaptations of the lungs

A
  • Lots of capillaries- more diffusion
  • Alveoli- big surface area
33
Q

What is the structure of a leaf?

A
  • Lower epidermis
  • Spongy mesophyll
  • Palisade mesophyll
  • Upper epidermis
  • Waxy cuticle
34
Q

What do guard cells do?

A

They open and close stomata to allow gas into and out of the cell

35
Q

What is the function of the palisade layer?

A

Photosynthesis

36
Q

Why are there gaps in the spongy mesophyll?

A

Gas exchange

37
Q

What do xylem and phloem do?

A

Transport tissues in plants

38
Q

What is the function of the meristem?

A

Differentiates into different types of cell

39
Q

What is translocation?

A

Transports dissolved food from the leaves elsewhere in phloem

40
Q

What does xylem transport?

A

Water and minerals

41
Q

What is transpiration?

A

Loss of water in plants due to evaporation

42
Q

What 4 factors affect the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity, temperature, light intensity and air flow

43
Q

What is used to investigate the rate of water uptake by a plant?

A

A potometer

10 (4 decks)

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