Biology - Organisation

Question 1

What are the main components of blood?

Answer 1

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

Question 2

What is the function of plasma

Answer 2

Transports everything in blood

Question 3

What does plasma contain? 4 examples

Answer 3

Urea, CO2, hormones, glycerol ect

Question 4

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 4

To carry oxygen around the body

Question 5

How are red blood cells adapted? 2 examples

Answer 5

Biconcave shape- big surface area to carry more oxygen
Haemoglobin- Binds the oxygen to the red blood cell

Question 6

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 6

Defence against pathogens

Question 7

How do white blood cells attack pathogens?

Answer 7

Antibodies, antitoxins or engulf

Question 8

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 8

Clots blood so no viruses get in and you don’t bleed to death

Question 9

What are platelets?

Answer 9

Fragments of cells

Question 10

Explain what is meant by double circulatory system.

Answer 10

• Two circuits
• One pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs
• One pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of body

Question 11

Describe the structure of the heart (only atriums and ventricles)

Answer 11

• Blood enters right atruim
• Blood enters right ventricle
• Blood returns from lungs to left atrium
• Blood enters left ventricle

Question 12

What vein enters the right atrium?

Answer 12

Vena cava

Question 13

Which artery leaves the right ventricle?

Answer 13

Pulmonary artery

Question 14

Which vein enters the left atrium?

Answer 14

Pulmonary vein

Question 15

Which artery leaves the left ventricle?

Answer 15

Aorta

Question 16

What supply the outside of the heart with blood?

Answer 16

Coronary arteries

Question 17

Why are the coronary arteries important?

Answer 17

They supply the heart with blood and allow respiration to release energy and pump the blood

Question 18

Why is the left side of the heart stronger?

Answer 18

It has to pump blood around the whole body. Right only goes to lungs.

Question 19

Where and what are the pacemaker cells?

Answer 19

• Right atrium
• Control the resting heart rate

Question 20

What causes coronary heart disease?

Answer 20

Coronary arteries being blocked by fatty deposits

Question 21

What is a stent?

Answer 21

A small metal tube that widens blocked arteries and maintains blood flow.

Question 22

What happens if your heart fails?

Answer 22

You need a heart transplant

Question 23

What happens if you have leaky heart valves?

Answer 23

You get replacement ones. Either biological or mechanical

Question 24

What are statins?

Answer 24

Drugs that lower cholesterol and lower risk of heart disease

Question 25

What happens if you have an irregular heart beat?

Answer 25

Get an artificial pacemaker

Question 26

What is the function of arteries?

Answer 26

To carry blood away from the heart

Question 27

What is the function of veins?

Answer 27

To carry blood towards the heart

Question 28

What is the function of capillaries?

Answer 28

To carry blood close to cells and allow diffusion

Question 29

Compare veins and arteries structures

Answer 29

- Arteries have thicker muscle tissue - Arteries have thicker layer of elastic tissue - Veins have wider lumens - Only veins have valves

Question 30

What is the structure of the lungs?

Answer 30

Trachea ---> Bronchi ---> Bronchioles ---> Alveoli

Question 31

Where in the lungs does gas exchange happen?

Answer 31

Alveoli

Question 32

Name 2 adaptations of the lungs

Answer 32

- Lots of capillaries- more diffusion - Alveoli- big surface area

Question 33

What is the structure of a leaf?

Answer 33

- Lower epidermis - Spongy mesophyll - Palisade mesophyll - Upper epidermis - Waxy cuticle

Question 34

What do guard cells do?

Answer 34

They open and close stomata to allow gas into and out of the cell

Question 35

What is the function of the palisade layer?

Answer 35

Photosynthesis

Question 36

Why are there gaps in the spongy mesophyll?

Answer 36

Gas exchange

Question 37

What do xylem and phloem do?

Answer 37

Transport tissues in plants

Question 38

What is the function of the meristem?

Answer 38

Differentiates into different types of cell

Question 39

What is translocation?

Answer 39

Transports dissolved food from the leaves elsewhere in phloem

Question 40

What does xylem transport?

Answer 40

Water and minerals

Question 41

What is transpiration?

Answer 41

Loss of water in plants due to evaporation

Question 42

What 4 factors affect the rate of transpiration?

Answer 42

Humidity, temperature, light intensity and air flow

Question 43

What is used to investigate the rate of water uptake by a plant?

Answer 43

A potometer