Biology Olympiad 1st deck

Question 1

Actin

Answer 1

a protein that forms (together with myosin) the contractile filaments of muscle cells, and is also involved in motion in other types of cell.

Question 2

Myosin

Answer 2

a large super-family of motor proteins that move along actin filaments, while hydrolyzing ATP to forms of mechanical energy that can be used for a variety of functions such as muscle movement and contraction.

Question 3

Dynein

Answer 3

a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells

• transports various cellular cargos, provides forces and displacements in mitosis, and drives the beat of eukaryotic cilia and flagella
• travels closer to center of cell

Question 4

Kinesin

Answer 4

Same thing as dynein but travels away from center of cell

Question 5

Cyclin

Answer 5

a family of proteins that controls the progression of a cell through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)

Question 6

Hershey and Chase

Answer 6

discovery of DNA as the hereditary material

Question 7

Watson and Crick

Answer 7

discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA

Question 8

Chargaff

Answer 8

discovery that relative amounts of nucleotide bases varies relative to each other

Question 9

Meselson and Stahl

Answer 9

discovery of the semi-conservative replication of DNA

Question 10

Frederick Griffith

Answer 10

discovered DNA through experiment with bacteria

Question 11

Ubiquinone proteins

Answer 11

(coenzyme Q) a lipophilic metabolite that functions in the electron transport chain

Question 12

Cytochromes

Answer 12

Hemoprotein. Readily undergoes reduction and oxidation in ETC because it is made of iron.

Question 13

Ethylene

Answer 13

a plant hormone that causes a “triple response” in plants

Question 14

Triple Response

Answer 14

Causes plants to have short short shoots, fat shoots, and increased lateral root growth.

• stimulates root hair growth
• stem elongation slows
• stem thickens

Question 15

Abscisic acid

Answer 15

A plant hormone that promotes leaf detachement, induces seed and bud dormancy, and inhibits germination

Question 16

Nonsense mutation

Answer 16

(stop mutation)

-a change in DNA that causes a protein to terminate or end its translation earlier than expected

Question 17

Missense mutation

Answer 17

(point mutation)

-a single nucleotide change that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid

Question 18

What is present only in ribonucleotides?

Answer 18

3’ hydroxyl