Biology of The Flu P.2

Question 1

Why are new flu vaccination required for each new flu season?

Answer 1

The Flu Virus mutates frequently enough that last years vaccination will no longer target circulating flu strains

Question 2

Research for a universal flu vaccine tends to focus on

Answer 2

core proteins, as they do not mutate as rapidly as H and N spikes and they tend to be similar between different influenza strains

Question 3

___________ is any substance that produces a specific immune response by the body. Antigens are usually proteins or large carbohydrates that are specific to pathogens such as bacteria and viruses

Answer 3

Antigen

Question 4

Getting a flu vaccine guarantees individuals will not get the flu. (T/F)

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Which process best describes how viruses may originate in animals and eventually be transmitted to humans, causing outbreaks?

Answer 5

Evolution

Question 6

Which of the following is true about natural selection?

Answer 6

On average, it favors the survival of individuals that have adaptive characteristics

Question 7

Occurs when there are small changes in the surface spikes of the influenza virus. This is an example of _________

Answer 7

Antigenic drift

Question 8

The activities of macrophages

Answer 8

are part of the non-specific response against disease and stimulate phagocytic neutrophils

Question 9

Antigens are

Answer 9

foreign molecules that bind to white blood cells through specialized receptors, leading to the proliferation of lymphocytes

Question 10

When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell, the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both viruses to reassemble them into new forms. This process is called..

Answer 10

Antigenic shift