Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psychology > Biology of Psychology > Flashcards

Biology of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

dendrites

A

receives messages from other cells- off the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Soma

A

Cell body- Contains nucleus, keeps alive, controls functions of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

axon terminals

A

communicate with other nerve cells, shorter fibers, end of axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

glial cells

A

glial=glue- structural, holds neurons in place, structure for neuron development. Nutrients to neurons, clean up dead neuron remains, insulation for neurons, some can develop into new neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Glial cell number

A

low#=depression, high#=schitzophrenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

olgiodendrocytes

A

produce myelin for neurons in brain/spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

shwann cells

A

myelin for peripheral nervous system and for the neurons of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Myelin sheath

A

protects and insulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

node

A

unmylenated- neural message jumps at mylenated section and regenerates at each node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MS (multiple sclerosis)

A

Lose myelin sheath, lose control over body parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Charges in and out of cell

A

In cell=negative (large negative proteins and K+)

Out of cell=positive (Na+ and Cl-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diffusion

A

Travel from high to low concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Electrostatic pressure

A

relative electrical charges of ions at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Semipermeable membrane

A

Structures can travel through channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cell Stimulation

A

Na+ channels open, Na+ rushes in. Temporary flip of charges in and out of cell. Na+ will rush back out because suddenly v positive. Na+ K pump!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cell stimulation location

A

Starts at axon hillock- closest to soma, travels down neurons v fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Resting potential

A

axon at rest ready for act pot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Threshold

A

~-65mv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Are some act pot stronger than others?

A

NO!!! ALL O NONE BABAy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Synaptic vesicle

A

Have neurotransmitters, on presynaptic vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Synapse

A

Space btw terminal and dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Travel across synapses to dendrites, go in thru ion channels (only certain shapes accepted). Go when stimulated! Can also go to other cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Excitatory vs inhibitory

A

excitatory=turns cell ON!!! inhibitory=turns cell OWFFF MAN (BII FELICIA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Acetylcholine (Ach)

A

neurotransmitter to muscle cells, allows muscles to contract, and slows heart contractions- inhibition=paralytition, excite em=bite em! (with back widow- causes convulsions+maybe death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dopamine (DA)
Raises BP, happier, can cause Parkinson's or schizophrenia
26
Serotonin (5-HT)
Lower brain; sleep, mood, anxiety, appetite. Low amounts can cause depression. can be excitatory OR inhibitory
27
Glucamate
Imp role in learning/mem Development of brain and synaptic plasticity (change connections) Over activation- alzheimer's, stroke
28
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
inihibits NS- calms anxiety (binds to same sites as alcohol and tranq drugs) alcohol is antagonist for GABA
29
antagonist
ALWAYS blocks neurotransmitter: exc or inh
30
neuropeptides
influence over neurotransmitters (ex: endorphins control pain by covering pain receptor cites)
31
reuptake
Synaptic vesicles act as suction tubes for neurotransmitters
32
enzymatic degradation
neurotransmitters broken down and synaptic gap is quickly cleared
33
drugs can be...
antagonists or agonists
34
SSRI's (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
Blocks serotonin from leaving synapse and enhances mood
35
afferent
sensory neuron- access brain: carries messages from senses to spinal cord
36
efferent
motor neuron- exits: messages from SC to muscle/gland
37
interneurons
connect sensory + motor neurons. make up most of SC and brain.
38
Reflex arc
doesn't have to go all the way to brain- fast! (goes to interneuron then to efferent) use on hot stove! THEN when reaches brain, you say, "ouch!"
39
neuroplasticity
change structure and function of brain cells in response to experiences/trauma
40
salvitory/sweat glands
chemicals to tissues thru tiny tissues/ducts
41
endocrine glands
no ducts, hormones to blood stream (then hormones fit into receptor sites at the right locations) SLOW comm sys (stimulates many things
42
Pituitary gland
below hypothalamus, MASTA gland (influences all otha glands) and hypothalamus controls this. controls pregnancy and water levels
43
oxytocin
controls pregnancy (contractions/milk letdown reflex-release milk)
44
vasopresin
conserve water
45
Pineal gland
``` in back, above brain stem biological rhythms (melatonin- sleep cycle) ```
46
Thyroid gland
neck, growth and metabolism, brain + body development
47
Pancreas
Inculin and glucagon control blood sugar (little insulin=diabetes, lots=hungry and fat)
48
Gonads
sex glands(M&F), regulate sex behavior and reproduction (doesnt control ALL sex stuff- brain is real controller)
49
Adrenal Glands
TWO!!! On top of kidney
50
Adrenal Medulla
epinephrine/nor-symp arousal
51
Adrenal Cortex
over 30 steroids/corticoids, regulate salt intake, help initiate and control stress reactions and provide source of sec hormones
52
Cortisol
Stress hormone, releases glucose and fatty acids into blood stream for energy
53
parasympathetic division
regulate breathing and HR (brings back down after stress too)
54
Somatic NS
VOLUNTARY muscles (soma=body), sensory pathway: carries messages from CNS to skeletal musc
55
autonomic NS
automatic organs, muscles, glands
56
sympathetic division
middle of spinal column fight/flight in SYMPATHY with one's emotions!
57
Spinal cord
LONG bundle of neurons Light Out- mylenated, sends signals Dark In- neuron cell bodies( mini brain-reflexes )
58
leisoning studies
study damage/effect to damaged part of brain
59
Brain stimulation
stimulate/inhibit parts of brain
60
deep brain stim (DBS)
for disorders, electrodes in specific areas in brain
61
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
magnetic coils above head stimulates area
62
transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
scalp electrodes create currents in brain that change the excitability of neurons
63
neuroimaging
can see brain structure and function
64
Computed Tomography (CT)
X rays series, slices of mapped brain, can show damage/tumors, good for metal in brain/cracked skull, not v detailed
65
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
V detailed- magnet spins H+ atoms to form image
66
Diffuaion tener imaging (DTI)
Use MRI to highlight white and grey parts of brain
67
MRI spectroscopy
compares normal tissue w abnormal tissue(ex:tumor)
68
EEG
records electrical activity
69
Event Related Potential - ERP
avg of experiments done of EEG response to stimulus(stages of cog processing)
70
MET
SENSITIVE, reveals areas of brain activation
71
PET (position emmision tomography)
inject radioactive glucose-see what parts are most active
72
Functional MRI (fMRI)
DETAILED, shows what is active during certain tasks (based on O2 level)
73
Principals of critical thinking
1) Most "truths" need testing 2) Evidence ranges in QUALITY 3) Expertise of a person does not mean they are always true 4) Have an open mind!
74
Correlation
+=same dir -+opp CorrNO=causation
75
corr coefficient
close to +or- 1.00, STRONG! close to 0=WEAK
76
courtesy bias
give acceptable answer (SURVEYS)
77
longitudinal study
group of ppl over time
78
Cross sectional
diff ages and perspective
79
Hawthorne effect
one's behavior changes because they are part of the experiment
80
confounding variable
often not considered, but interferes with the experiment!
81
Placebo effect
feel what you are told you must or might feel
82
observer bias
biased observer=wrong results
83
single blind studies
participants dont know what group they are in
84
double blind
participants AND experimenters oblivious to group
85
Ethics of research
1) Rights+well being, 2) explain exp 3) limit deception 4) may withdraw @ any time 5) protected/told of risks 6) debrief 7) Confidentiality 8) reverse bad consequences!

AP Psychology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions