Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Medicine > Biology Of Disease > Flashcards

Biology Of Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pathogenesis is…

A
  1. Find the lesion
  2. Describe the lesion
  3. Recognize the basic process
    - -> For the MORPHOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS
  4. Explain the mechanism
    - -> Causative agent, environmental factors, host factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Description

A

Describe it using lay language with the exception of correct anatomical term.

“CLASS-C”: Color, Location, Appearance, Size, Shape, Consistency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Morphologic Diagnosis

A
  • Interpretive- make an educated guess
  • “3D ATP”:
    3 D’s= Degree, Duration, Distribution
    A= Adjective (for inflammation usually)
    T= Tissue **
    P= Process **
  • Inflammatory= “ITIS”
  • Degenerative= “OSIS, OPATHY”
  • Disorders of Growth= “TROPHY”, “PLASIA”, “OMA”
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Degree

A
  • Mild, mild exudative changes, little discernible tissue destruction
  • Moderate, prominent vascular and cellular exudative changes, moderate tissue destruction
  • Marked,
  • Severe, Substantial tissue destruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Duration (Inflammatory vs Non-Inflammatory)

A

Peracute (immediate- hrs), few cells involved
Acute (hrs-days), primarily neutrophils in inflamm.
Subacute (5d-2wk), exudative changes diminish, cell infiltration evolves from neutrophilic to mononuclear in inflamm.
Chronic (>2-3 wks), will see mononuclear infiltration, tissue regeneration, neovascularization and fibrosis (scarring)
Chronic-Active: Recurrent bouts of active inflamm superimposed on chronic inflammation. Also seen as “flare-ups”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distribution

A

Focal: 1 point
Multi-Focal: Multiple points sporadic/ parenchyma intact
Coalescing: Focal pts merging together
Locally/Regionally Extensive: Multiple points throughout certain area, broadly affected
Diffuse: All of organ affected or all repeating units of an organ affected.
Disseminated: Multiple organs affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sclerosing

A

Scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Proliferative

A

Added tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Emphysematous

A

Gas present in tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Catarrhal

A

Mucus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Suppurative

A

Pus secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Etiologic Diagnosis

A 
"Diagnosis denoting cause" 
2 elements:
- CAUSE
- TISSUE PROCESS 
Ex: Bacterial pneumonia (general) vs Streptococcal pneumonia (more specific)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Histopathology

A

Microscopic pathology w/ routine processing including formalin fixation, dehydration, paraffin embedding, 5 um sections, stains with H&E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Histo chemistry

A

Using special stains to analyze samples.

  • Trichrome -> collagen (fibrosis) visualization
  • Silver stains –> Reticular CT, some microorganisms
  • PAS –> carbohydrates (includes microbes)
  • Gram, Acid Fast, etc = Microbes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Immunohistochemistry

A

Use of antibody to ID specific epitope using colorimetric ID of bound Ig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are potential advantages of recombinant vaccines?

A
  • Rapid development
  • Safety in manufacture and administration
  • DIVA concept: Differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals
20
Q

WNV Vaccines

A
  • Inactivated (Innovator)
  • DNA Vaccine (Innovator DNA)
  • Chimeric Vaccine (Prevenile/EquiNile)
  • Vectored Vaccine (Recombitek WN)
21
Q

DNA Vaccines (i.e. Innovator DNA)

  • Process
  • Specific of WNV
  • What is the primary concern for DNA vaccines?
  • How does the vaccine work once injected?
  • Pros/Cons of the vaccine
A
  1. Clone gene of interest (immunogenicity gene)
  2. Insert gene for immunogenicity protein into EXPRESSION PLASMID behind PROMOTER and CONTROL SEQUENCES, +/- ENHANCER
  3. Transform E. coli with vector and grow it.
  4. Purify the plastic DNA from lysed bacteria.
  5. Inject DNA into target population.

In the case of WNV (flavivirus) the immunogenic protein the is E CAPSULE PROTEIN.

Integration of DNA being injected and integrating into host genome.

Indicates to m cells OF ANIMAL to begin making E protein, immune response generated.

+Rapid production capacity
+Thermostable
-Expensive

22
Q

Chimeric Vaccines/Vectored Vaccines

  • Process
  • What is the primary concern for Chimeric vaccines?
  • How does the vaccine work once injected?
  • Pros/Cons of the vaccine
A
  • Combine E protein for WNV into “other” RNA genome.
  • Can still cause disease in immunocompromised
  • Infects cells with related strain?
    +DIVA discernible (ie E protein vs entire virus)
23
Q

PCR

  • Reactants needed
  • Cylces
  • Types
A

-DNA template, thermostable DNA polymerase, nucleotides, water/buggers, PRIMERS (= SPECIFICITY)
-Cycles:
Denaturation= break H bonds (95 deg)
Primer binding/reannealing (60 deg)
Primer extension and annealing= DNA SYNTH (72 deg)

24
Q

Fibrinous

A

Fibrin-forming

25
Q

Granulomatous

A

Chronic long-term inflammation

26
Q

Pyogranulomatous

A

Chronic inflammation w/ Constant Recruitment of Neutrophils

Veterinary Medicine (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions