Biology nervous sytem Flashcards
what is the function of the NS
collects information about the bodys the internal and external enviorment, proceses the information and respond to it
the NS is divided in
peripheral and central nervous system
what is the function of the peripheral NS
collects the information
what is the function of the central nervous sytem
process and forms a respond of the information
how do central and peripheral NS relates
pheripheral NS gathers information and send it to the central NS where it process the information and form a respond. And pheripheral NScarries the respond to tha glands and muscles.
The peripheral NS consist of
supporting cells and nerves
central NS consist of
brain and spinal cord
whata re impulses
messages carried by the NS as eletric signals
NS impulses are transmitted by
neuron
what is the function of the neuron
transmits the NS impulses
what are the types of neurons
sensory, motor, and interneurons
what is the function of the sensory neuron
carries impulses of sensory organs
what is the function of the motor neuron
carry the brains and spinal cord impulses to the glands and mucles
what is the interneurons function
process the information of the sensory neurons and send commandsto the motor neurons or other interneurons
what is the neuron structure
cell body, dendrites, axon, nodes, myelin sheath, and axon terminals
what is the cell body of the neuron
is the largest part of the neuron, contains nucleus nd cytoplasm
what is the largest part of the neuron
cell body
what is the dendrites
spread out of the cell boy, and carry impulses from other neurons to the cell body
what is the axon
long fiber, carry impulses away from the cell body
what is the myelin sheath
insulating membrain tha surrounds the axon
whar are the NS nodes
gaps between the myelin sheat
what is the frunction of the node
impulse move from one to another
how many minivolts has a resting neuron
70 minivolts
how does a nerve impulse begins
when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron or the enviorment. The axon carrus the impulse away from the cell body all toward the axon termals
where does potential come from
the active trabsport proteints pumps sodium ionns out of the cell and potassium ions in.
sodium ions
Na+
potassium ions
K+
What is action potential
is the reversal of negative changes to positive changes
what types of reversing potentials are
resting and active potential
what s the minimun level of stimuli required to cause an impulse is
threshold
what is synapse
is the point in which the neuron transmit the impulse to another cell
what separates the axon terminal from the adyacent cell
synapse cleft
whats is the function of the synapse cleft
separates the axon terminal from the adyacent cell
what are the neurontransmitters
chemicals that from the impulses across the synape to another cell
where does the procesing of information occurs
on the central NS
what is the main comunication link of the NS
the spinal cord
what is a reflex
a quick automatic respons to a stimuli
what are major areas of the brain
cerebrum,cerebellum, and barin stem
the largest region of the bran
cerebrum
the cerebrum is
responsable of voluntary activities and site of intelligence, learning, and judgment
the cerebrum is divided into
left and right hemispheres
the hemispherre are connected by
the corpus collosum
hemisphere are divided into regions called
lobes
of what layers cosist the cerebrum
cerebral cortex, and white matter
what is cerebral cortex
the outer layer of the cerebrm
cerebral cortex consist
gray matter and nerve cell bodies
what is the cerebral cortex function
process sense organs information and controls body movements
what is white matter
the inner layer of the cerebrum with bundles of axons with the myelin sheath
what is the lymbic stem
emotion, behaviour, memory and pleasure
cerebellum
the 2 largest region, information of the muscle and joint position are send to it
function of the brain stem
connects the brain to the spinal cord
what do the brain stem controls
regulation of blood presure, heart rate, and breathing
at are the 3 regions of the brain stem
midbrain, pons, and medula oblongata
how do drugs change the brain and lead to addiction
reduces the number of receptors for the neurotransmitters and daily activities no loger produce pressure
the 3 major regiosn orf the brain
midbrain, forebrain, and hindbrain
how does the central NS receives sensory information
through sensory division
what are the sensory receptors (5)
1- chemireceptor
2-photoreceptor-
3- mechanoriceptor
4-thermoreceptor
5-pain receptor
voluntary movements called
somatic (arc reflex)
unvoluntary movement called
autonomatic
examples of autonomatic
parasympathetic and sympathetic
example of parasympathetc
rest and digest
example of sympathetic
intense activity
the largest sense organ
skin
sensory division role
transmit impulses to the central NS
2 parts of motor division
somantic and autonomatic NS
