Biology Mock exam

Question 1

What is a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Cells that contain their genetic information enclosed within a nucleus.

Question 2

Name some examples of eukaryotic cells.

Answer 2

Animal, plant, fungi, protist cells.

Question 3

What is a prokaryotic cell?

Answer 3

Cells that do not contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Name an example of a prokaryotic cell.

Answer 4

Bacterial cell

Question 5

What is a nucleus?

Answer 5

Contains the genetic information and controls the activity of the cell.

Question 6

What is a cell membrane?

Answer 6

Controls what goes in and out of the cell.

Question 7

What is a mitochondria?

Answer 7

Provides energy and is where aerobic respiration occurs.

Question 8

What is a ribosomes?

Answer 8

Where proteins are made.

Question 9

What is a cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Where chemical reactions occur.

Question 10

What are chloroplasts?

Answer 10

Where photosynthesis occurs.

Question 11

What is a cell wall?

Answer 11

Contains cellulose which strengthens the cell.

Question 12

Put the cells in order from smallest to largest: Animal, plant, bacteria, virus

Answer 12

1. Bacteria, 2. Virus, 3. Plant, 4. Animal

Question 13

Draw the magnification triangle.

Answer 13

Image size / Actual size x Magnification

Question 14

When using a microscope which objective lens do you use first and why?

Answer 14

The one that provides the lowest magnification as it allows more of the specimen to be seen overall.

Question 15

What does the coarse adjustment lens do?

Answer 15

Brings the specimen into near focus.

Question 16

What does the fine adjustment lens do?

Answer 16

Sharpens the quality of the image.

Question 17

What should you do if the cell in a microscope looks to small?

Answer 17

Change the objective lens.

Question 18

Why is iodine used to view cells?

Answer 18

To stain the internal structures of the cell to make it more visible.

Question 19

What is the advantages of a electron microscope?

Answer 19

They are more accurate.
Have a higher resolving power.
Have a greater magnification.

Question 20

How are sperm cells specialized for their function?

Answer 20

Has a tail –> So it can swim
Loaded with mitochondria –> To provide the sperm with energy to swim
Has a streamline shape –> So it can move faster

Question 21

How are root hair cells specialized for their function?

Answer 21

Large surface area –> For absorbing water and minerals.
Loaded with mitochondria –> Provides energy for active transport of substances.

Question 22

What is active transport?

Answer 22

The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to higher concentration using energy.

Question 23

How are nerve cells specialized for their function?

Answer 23

Has synapse –> So signals can be passed from one nerve cell to another.
Are long –> So they can send impulses from one side of the body to the other.

Question 24

How are muscle cells specialized for their function?

Answer 24

Contains protein fibers –> Allows the muscles to contract.
Loaded with mitochondria –> Provides energy for muscle contraction.

Question 25

How are xylem cells specialized for their function?

Answer 25

Hollow tubes –> Allows them to transport water and minerals from the root to the plant easily.
Walls containing lignin –> To strengthen the xylem.

Question 26

How are phloem cells specialized for their function?

Answer 26

Tubular cells –> Allows them to transport sugars around the plant easily.
Pores in their walls –> Allows sugars to move between phloem cells quickly.

Question 27

How are phloem cells specialized for their function?

Answer 27

Full of chloroplasts –> Producing lots of chlorophyll for photosynthesis to take place.
Are elongated –> To maximize the absorption of light.

Question 28

What are palisade cells?

Answer 28

Cells located on leaves.