Biology Mock exam Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Cells that contain their genetic information enclosed within a nucleus.
Name some examples of eukaryotic cells.
Animal, plant, fungi, protist cells.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
Cells that do not contain a nucleus.
Name an example of a prokaryotic cell.
Bacterial cell
What is a nucleus?
Contains the genetic information and controls the activity of the cell.
What is a cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
What is a mitochondria?
Provides energy and is where aerobic respiration occurs.
What is a ribosomes?
Where proteins are made.
What is a cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions occur.
What are chloroplasts?
Where photosynthesis occurs.
What is a cell wall?
Contains cellulose which strengthens the cell.
Put the cells in order from smallest to largest: Animal, plant, bacteria, virus
- Bacteria, 2. Virus, 3. Plant, 4. Animal
Draw the magnification triangle.
Image size / Actual size x Magnification
When using a microscope which objective lens do you use first and why?
The one that provides the lowest magnification as it allows more of the specimen to be seen overall.
What does the coarse adjustment lens do?
Brings the specimen into near focus.
What does the fine adjustment lens do?
Sharpens the quality of the image.
What should you do if the cell in a microscope looks to small?
Change the objective lens.
Why is iodine used to view cells?
To stain the internal structures of the cell to make it more visible.
What is the advantages of a electron microscope?
They are more accurate.
Have a higher resolving power.
Have a greater magnification.
How are sperm cells specialized for their function?
Has a tail –> So it can swim
Loaded with mitochondria –> To provide the sperm with energy to swim
Has a streamline shape –> So it can move faster
How are root hair cells specialized for their function?
Large surface area –> For absorbing water and minerals.
Loaded with mitochondria –> Provides energy for active transport of substances.
What is active transport?
The net movement of particles from an area of low concentration to higher concentration using energy.
How are nerve cells specialized for their function?
Has synapse –> So signals can be passed from one nerve cell to another.
Are long –> So they can send impulses from one side of the body to the other.
How are muscle cells specialized for their function?
Contains protein fibers –> Allows the muscles to contract.
Loaded with mitochondria –> Provides energy for muscle contraction.
How are xylem cells specialized for their function?
Hollow tubes –> Allows them to transport water and minerals from the root to the plant easily.
Walls containing lignin –> To strengthen the xylem.
How are phloem cells specialized for their function?
Tubular cells –> Allows them to transport sugars around the plant easily.
Pores in their walls –> Allows sugars to move between phloem cells quickly.
How are phloem cells specialized for their function?
Full of chloroplasts –> Producing lots of chlorophyll for photosynthesis to take place.
Are elongated –> To maximize the absorption of light.
What are palisade cells?
Cells located on leaves.
