Biology Midterm Study Flashcards
why is the second strand of DNA complementary to the first strand?
because nitrogenous bases have complementary bases
Why are hydrogen bonds in DNA weak?
so they can easily break during dna replication
central dogma of biology
dna to rna to protein
transcription
dna to rna
translation
rna to protein
DNA and RNA similarities
- monomers are nucleotides
- store genetic info
- guanine and cytosine pair
ATC-TAC-AGT to ATA-TAC-AGT
what mutation has occured?
point mutation
point mutation
when a single nucleotide is changed in a DNA segment
how can an organism pass a mutation onto offspring?
if the mutation occurs in sex cells
what does it mean for an enzyme to denature?
it dies or stops working
DNA monomer
nucleotides
RNA monomer
nucleotides
how do enzymes speed up biological reactions?
by slowing down activation energy
what are some functions of proteins?
antibody, regualtion, and storage
prokaryotic cells
-unicellular
-lack organelles
eukaryotic cells
-includes nucleus
what do chloroplasts do
performs photosynthesis
what molecules make up cell membranes?
lipids and proteins
active transport
molecules transporting from low to high concentration regions
- requires energy -
passive transport
molecules transporting from low to high concentration regions
- does not require energy -
diffusion
movement of molecules from high to low concentration
photosynthesis
the process where plants make their own food
sunlight to chemical energy
photosynthesis chemical formula
carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose oxygen
cellular respiration
the breaking down of glucose to produce ATP energy
