Biology Midterm Study

Question 1

why is the second strand of DNA complementary to the first strand?

Answer 1

because nitrogenous bases have complementary bases

Question 2

Why are hydrogen bonds in DNA weak?

Answer 2

so they can easily break during dna replication

Question 3

central dogma of biology

Answer 3

dna to rna to protein

Question 4

transcription

Answer 4

dna to rna

Question 5

translation

Answer 5

rna to protein

Question 6

DNA and RNA similarities

Answer 6

• monomers are nucleotides
• store genetic info
• guanine and cytosine pair

Question 7

ATC-TAC-AGT to ATA-TAC-AGT

what mutation has occured?

Answer 7

point mutation

Question 8

point mutation

Answer 8

when a single nucleotide is changed in a DNA segment

Question 9

how can an organism pass a mutation onto offspring?

Answer 9

if the mutation occurs in sex cells

Question 10

what does it mean for an enzyme to denature?

Answer 10

it dies or stops working

Question 11

DNA monomer

Answer 11

nucleotides

Question 12

RNA monomer

Answer 12

nucleotides

Question 13

how do enzymes speed up biological reactions?

Answer 13

by slowing down activation energy

Question 14

what are some functions of proteins?

Answer 14

antibody, regualtion, and storage

Question 15

prokaryotic cells

Answer 15

-unicellular
-lack organelles

Question 16

eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

-includes nucleus

Question 17

what do chloroplasts do

Answer 17

performs photosynthesis

Question 18

what molecules make up cell membranes?

Answer 18

lipids and proteins

Question 19

active transport

Answer 19

molecules transporting from low to high concentration regions
- requires energy -

Question 20

passive transport

Answer 20

molecules transporting from low to high concentration regions
- does not require energy -

Question 21

diffusion

Answer 21

movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Question 22

photosynthesis

Answer 22

the process where plants make their own food
sunlight to chemical energy

Question 23

photosynthesis chemical formula

Answer 23

carbon dioxide + water —-> glucose oxygen

Question 24

cellular respiration

Answer 24

the breaking down of glucose to produce ATP energy

Question 25

cellular respiration chemical formula

Answer 25

glucose + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

Question 26

ATP

Answer 26

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 27

aerobic respiration

Answer 27

depends on oxygen to be performed

Question 28

anaerobic respiration

Answer 28

can be performed without oxygen

Question 29

diploid cell

Answer 29

contains two sets of chromosomes

Question 30

haploid cell

Answer 30

contains one set of chromosomes

Question 31

what does meiosis start with?

Answer 31

1 diploid, somatic cell

Question 32

what does meiosis end with?

Answer 32

4 genetically different gametes

Question 33

how many daughter cells are produced during mitosis

Answer 33

2 daughter cells

Question 34

cell cycle in order

Answer 34

(Interphase) G1, S, G2, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

Question 35

mitosis

Answer 35

division of cells, produces new body (somatic) cells

Question 36

meiosis

Answer 36

production of gamete cells (sperm and egg)

Question 37

nucleus

Answer 37

holds DNA

Question 38

cell wall

Answer 38

surrounds cell and maintains the cells shape

Question 39

cell (plasma) membrane

Answer 39

surrounds cell, helps move materials in and out of cell

Question 40

chloroplast

Answer 40

captures sunlight for photosyntheisi
convert light energy to chemical

Question 41

ribosome

Answer 41

helps in making proteins

Question 42

mitochondria

Answer 42

produces atp energy

Question 43

golgi apparatus

Answer 43

Sorts and ships proteins

Question 44

vacuole

Answer 44

storage that holds food or holds waste to be removed

Question 45

lysosome

Answer 45

Removes unwanted material and waste