Biology- Meiosis and Karyotypes Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are gametes?
Sex Cells
Are gametes haploid or diploid
Haploid
In humans, how many chromosomes are in a gamete?
23
What are somatic cells?
Any cell besides the sperm cell and egg cell
In humans, how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell?
46
What process produces gametes?
Meiosis
How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?
2
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that have the same types of genes, size, and structure, but different DNA sequences (one from mom, one from dad)
What are sister chromatids?
The two identical halves of a replicated chromosome
What happens during Meiosis I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated, two daughter cell form
What happens during Meiosis II?
Sister chromatids are separated, four daughter cell form
What is crossing over?
The exchange of gene between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I
Why is crossing over important?
It increases genetic variation
What is Prophase I?
The prepares to divide, and crossing over occurs
What is Metaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle (equator) of the cell
What is Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are separated move to opposite sides of the cell
What are Telophase I and Cytokinesis?
Two new nuclei are made and the cell splits, two daughter cells are formed
What is Prophase II?
The to daughter cells made during Meiosis I prepare to divide again
What is Metaphase II?
Individual chromosomes line up along the middle (equator) of the cell
What is Anaphase II?
The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
What are Telophase II and Cytokinesis
Two new nuclei are made in each of the two daughter cell and both cells divide, four daughter cells are formed
Are the 4 daughter cells at the end of meiosis identical?
No
Which stage of meiosis is most similar to mitosis
Meiosis II
What is nondisjunction?
When chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis
