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Biology, Algebra, Spanish, World Geo > Biology- Meiosis and Karyotypes > Flashcards

Biology- Meiosis and Karyotypes Flashcards

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1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex Cells

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2
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid

A

Haploid

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3
Q

In humans, how many chromosomes are in a gamete?

A

23

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4
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Any cell besides the sperm cell and egg cell

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5
Q

In humans, how many chromosomes are in a somatic cell?

A

46

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6
Q

What process produces gametes?

A

Meiosis

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7
Q

How many rounds of cell division occur in meiosis?

A

2

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8
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

Chromosomes that have the same types of genes, size, and structure, but different DNA sequences (one from mom, one from dad)

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9
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

The two identical halves of a replicated chromosome

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10
Q

What happens during Meiosis I?

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated, two daughter cell form

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11
Q

What happens during Meiosis II?

A

Sister chromatids are separated, four daughter cell form

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12
Q

What is crossing over?

A

The exchange of gene between homologous chromosomes during Prophase I

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13
Q

Why is crossing over important?

A

It increases genetic variation

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14
Q

What is Prophase I?

A

The prepares to divide, and crossing over occurs

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15
Q

What is Metaphase I?

A

Homologous chromosomes line up in the middle (equator) of the cell

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16
Q

What is Anaphase I?

A

Homologous chromosomes are separated move to opposite sides of the cell

17
Q

What are Telophase I and Cytokinesis?

A

Two new nuclei are made and the cell splits, two daughter cells are formed

18
Q

What is Prophase II?

A

The to daughter cells made during Meiosis I prepare to divide again

19
Q

What is Metaphase II?

A

Individual chromosomes line up along the middle (equator) of the cell

20
Q

What is Anaphase II?

A

The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell

21
Q

What are Telophase II and Cytokinesis

A

Two new nuclei are made in each of the two daughter cell and both cells divide, four daughter cells are formed

22
Q

Are the 4 daughter cells at the end of meiosis identical?

A

No

23
Q

Which stage of meiosis is most similar to mitosis

A

Meiosis II

24
Q

What is nondisjunction?

A

When chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis

Biology, Algebra, Spanish, World Geo (1 decks)

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