Biology meiosis

Question 1

Alleles

Answer 1

Different forms of the same gene like hair is a gene but the different colour of the hair is an allele

Question 2

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 2

In biology, homologous chromosomes are paired chromosomes. They essentially have the same gene sequence, loci (gene position), centromere location, and chromosomal length. Although they may have the same genetic sequence and loci, they may differ in alleles.

Question 3

Non disjunction

Answer 3

Can produce gametes with an extra or missing chromosome.Homologous chromosomes may fail to seperate during meiosis 1.Sister chromatids may fail to separate during meiosis 2

Question 4

Homozygous dominant

Answer 4

Individuals have two copies of the dominant allele (AA)

Question 6

Homozygous recessive

Answer 6

Individuals have two copies of the recessive allele (as)

Question 7

Heterozygous individuals

Answer 7

Have one copy of each allele (Aa)

Question 8

Dominant allele

Answer 8

An allele of a gene is said to be dominant when it effectively overrules the other(recessive allele)

Question 9

Recessive allele

Answer 9

Two copies of the allele need to be present for the phenotype to be expressed.It is masked by the dominant allele

Question 10

Co-dominance

Answer 10

In which both alleles of a gene in a heterozygous individual are expressed simultaneously and neither allele is dominant or recessive over each other like a cow you could see both black and white it is not dominant

Question 11

Incomplete dominance

Answer 11

the dominant allele is not completely expressed with the recessive allele around their isn’t really a clear dominant allele if you cross a red flour with a white flour it would make a pink flour

Question 12

Autosome vs sex chromosomes

Answer 12

Auto-aimed carry genes that determine general traits, while sex choromosomes play a key role in determining and individual sex and contributing to sex specific traits

Question 13

Test cross

Answer 13

A test cross is a genetic cross used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.The resulting offspring phenotype can help reveal whether the individual with the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous

Question 14

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 14

In humans,many traits such as height and skin colour are controlled by many different pairs of alleles

Question 15

Basic probability

Answer 15

The likelihood of inheriting specific traits and genotype

Question 16

Crossing over

Answer 16

Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids.Creates genetic diversity to help the prevent speacies from extinction