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S2 Science > biology - life on earth > Flashcards

biology - life on earth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

how many habitats and organisms are there

A

there is lots of different

habitats and each has different organisms living in it

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2
Q

give examples of habitats

A

river
forrest
desert

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3
Q

what organisms are present in a river

A

pondweed, lily pads, algae, tadpoles, trout, water beetles

and frogs

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4
Q

what organisms are present in a forrest

A

trees, grass, ferns, mushrooms, deer, birds, foxes, owls

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5
Q

what organisms are present in a desert

A

cacti, camels, desert rats

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6
Q

biodiversity differs from…

A

biodiversity differs from habitat to habitat because organisms are adapted to live in
particular areas

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7
Q

give an example of an animal adapted to its habitat

A

polar bears would only be found in cold places not in the desert
this is because it has thick fur to keep it warm

camels have long eyelashes to stop sand entering its eyes

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8
Q

what is the importance of biodiversity

A

A variety of different food sources are available
Medicinal plants are maintained whilst new species with beneficial effects
are discovered
Raw materials: wood, cotton etc are maintained

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9
Q

what are biotic factors

A

biotic factors are factors which are related to living things

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10
Q

give examples of biotic factors

A 
predation
competition for resources
disease
food availability
grazing
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11
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

abiotic factors are non-living conditions which can influence where plants or
animals live

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12
Q

give examples of abiotic factors

A

temperature
light intensity
moisture content of soil
pH of the environment

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14
Q

what is used to sample plants and slow moving animals

A

a quadrat

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15
Q

what is a quadrat

A

a metal frame of a known area split into even sections

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16
Q

about quadrats

A

quadrats should be placed randomly so that a representative sample is
taken
the results are more reliable when you look at the results from many
quadrats
quadrats of a suitable size and shape should be selected

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17
Q

what is used to sample animals

A

pitfall trap

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18
Q

what is a pitfall trap

A

pitfall traps are often used to
sample the small invertebrates living on the ground
you are likely to trap beetles and other insects as well as spiders and slugs

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19
Q

how to use and set up a pitfall trap properly

A

the top of the plastic cup should be level with the soil surface
cover the trap with a stone or piece of wood to keep out the rain, to make
it dark and to stop birds eating your catch
the traps must be checked often to avoid the animals escaping or being
eaten before they are counted
as with most methods a large number of traps makes results more
reliable and minimises the effects of unusual results

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20
Q

what is used to measure light intensity

A

light meter

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21
Q

how do you measure light intensity

A

The meter is held at the
soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, then the meter is read. Errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. Results can be made more reliable by
taking many samples

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22
Q

what is used to measure the moisture of the soil

A

moisture meter

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23
Q

what is used to measure the pH of soil

A

pH meter

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24
Q

how are moisture meter and pH meter used

A

by pushing the probe into the soil and read the meter

the probe must be cleaned between readings

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25
Q

how do you increase reliability

A

repeat and obtain an average to increase reliability

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26
Q

what does repeating do

A

repeat and obtain an average to increase reliability

27
Q

what does mrs gren stand for

A 
movement
respiration
sensitivity
growth
reproduction
exeration
nutrients
28
Q

living things can all be sorted into…

A

large groups called kingdoms

29
Q

give examples of kingdoms

A 
animal
plant
bacteria
fungus
protist
30
Q

what are flowering plants

A

plants that produce flowers

31
Q

what are non-flowering plants

A

plants that do not produce flowers

32
Q

give examples of flowering plants

A

primrose
poppy
orchid
oak tree

33
Q

give examples of non-flowering plants

A

moss
algae
fern
seaweed

34
Q

what is a biological key used for

A

to identify organisms

35
Q

what is sampling

A

sampling is when the number of the organisms within the sample taken can be used to estimate the total number of the organisms within an ecosystem

36
Q

what should you do to make procedures fair

A

small samples must be taken

37
Q

what is an organism

A

a living thing

37
Q

How do plants and animals interact

A

The sun is the source of all energy organisms use.

All food chains start with plants that use sunlight to make their own food.

38
Q

What are herbivore?

A

Animals which eat only plants

39
Q

What are carnivores?

A

Carnivores are animals which only eat meat.

40
Q

What are omnivores

A

Omnivores are animals that eat both plant and meat

41
Q

What is photosynthesis

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use light energy from the sun to make food

42
Q

What makes a plant green

A

Chlorophyll

43
Q

What do roots do

A

Roots absorb water

44
Q

Where does carbon dioxide enter

A

Carbon dioxide enters through the stomata of the leaf

45
Q

What is chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll is a green chemical found in the cells of plant leaves. It absorbs light energy and makes the plant have its green colour

46
Q

What do plants use energy for

A

Plants combine carbon dioxide and water to create a chemical called glucose (carbohydrates).
During their reaction oxygen is released

47
Q

What does a plant need

A

Water which is absorbed through the roots
Light
Carbon dioxide which enters through the stomata of the leaves

48
Q

What does a plant produce

A

Oxygen which is released into the air

Sugar (glucose) which is converted into starch

49
Q

What is a organism made by

A

An organism is made by cells

50
Q

What do animals and plants consist of

A

Cells

51
Q

What is a ecosystem

A

A ecosystem is a community consisting of animals, plants, micro organisms and living things and their shared environment.

52
Q

What is a habitat

A

Habitat refers to the home(living environment) Of an organism. A habitat provides the essential conditions that support the survival of the organism e.g shelter , water ,food and space

53
Q

What is a environment

A

An environment refers to all the physical conditions found where an organism lives.

54
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water = Glucose + oxygen
This needs light energy and chlorophyll to do the process
Carbon dioxide and water are both raw materials
Glucose + oxygen are both products

55
Q

What is population

A

Population refers to all the members of a single species that live in a habitat.

56
Q

What is a community

A

Community refers to all the populations of different organisms that live together in a habitat.

57
Q

What is an adaptation

A

An adaptation refers to features an organism has developed to increase its chances of surviving and/or reproducing

58
Q

what is tree batting

A

when you hit a tree then see how many bugs fall off

59
Q

What is behavioural adaptation

A

Behavioural - responses made by an organism that help it to survive/reproduce.

60
Q

What are the adaptations

A

Physiological,behavioural and structural

61
Q

What is a physiological adaptation

A

Physiological - a body process that helps an organism to survive/reproduce.

62
Q

What is Structural adaptation

A

Structural - a feature of an organism’s body that helps it to survive/reproduce.

S2 Science (1 decks)

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