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Final Exams in Biology > Biology Lecture > Flashcards

Biology Lecture Flashcards

Mag-aral ka na jusko

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

This is the study of Fungi

A

Mycology

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2
Q

Fungi constitute an extremely diverse group of organisms and are generally classified as________________

A

Molds or yeasts

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3
Q

Fungi’s They are prokaryotic

A

False, they are eukaryotic

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4
Q

Fungi’s They have no nuclei and mitochondria

A

False, they have a nuclei and mitochondria

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5
Q

Fungi’s They are not heterotrophs

A

False, they are heterotrophs

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6
Q

Fungi’s They do photosynthesis and have a chlorophyl

A

False, they do not photosynthesis and chlorophyl

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7
Q

Fungi’s They depend on other organisms to survive

A

True

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8
Q

Fungi’s They are multicellular

A

True

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9
Q

Fungi’s They can move on their own

A

False, They cannot move on their own

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10
Q

This is a species of yeast. It is perhaps the most useful yeast, having been instrumental to winemaking, baking, and brewing since ancient times.

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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11
Q

This is olive green and thrives on plants in particular, but can also grow on household surfaces like walls, cabinets, and carpets.

A

Cladosporium

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12
Q

This is the mold that typically grows on spoiled food like bread. It can also grow on nutrient-poor but moisture-rich environments like the basement.

A

Aspergillus

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13
Q

Is famous for its antibacterial properties and is usually bluish-green. However, it can also emits mycotoxins that are toxic to both people and pets. They prefer colder environments like soil, but some also form on wet items in the home

A

Penicillium

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14
Q

The plant body of the true fungi

A

thallus

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15
Q

Most fungi are multicellular and are composed of long filaments

A

Hyphae

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16
Q

All hyphae in a particular fungus from an interwoven mass

A

Mycelium

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17
Q

This is above ground, reproductive structure produced by fungi

A

Fruiting body

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18
Q

What are the three types of Mycelium?

A

Vegetative, Aerial, and Fertile

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19
Q

This is a type of Mycelium that penetrate the surface of the medium and absorb nutrients.

A

Vegetative Mycelium

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20
Q

This is a type of Mycelium that grow above the agar surface

A

Aerial Mycelium

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21
Q

This is a type of Mycelium that bear reproductive structures such as conidia or sporangia.

A

Fertile Mycelium

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22
Q

A fungi that possess melanin pigments in their cell wall

A

Phaeoid

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23
Q

Those hyphae that do not possess any pigment in their cell wall

A

Hyaline

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24
Q

The fungi obtain their nutrition by feeding on dead organic substances

A

Saprophytic

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25
Q

The fungi that obtain their nutrition by living on other living organisms (plants or animals) and absorb nutrients from their host.

A

Parasitic

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26
Q

These fungi live by having an interdependent relationship with other species in which both are mutually benefited

A

Symbiotic

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27
Q

These are spores that are formed by the fusion of two different cells.

A

Zygomycetes

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28
Q

These are sexual spores in the Zygomycetes

A

Zygospores

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29
Q

These are asexual spores in the Zygomycetes

A

Sporangiospores

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30
Q

These are also known as sac fungi. They can be coprophilous, decomposers, parasitic or saprophytic

A

Ascomycetes

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31
Q

These are the sexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Ascospores

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32
Q

These are the asexual spores of ascomycetes

A

Conidiospores

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33
Q

Mushrooms are the most commonly found in them and mostly live as parasites

A

Basidiomycetes

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34
Q

These are the sexual spores of Basidiomycetes

A

Basidiospores

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35
Q

These are the asexual spores of Basidiomycetes

A

Conidia, budding or fragmentation

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36
Q

They are also called as imperfect fungi as they do not follow the regular reproduction cycle as the other fungi.

A

Deuteromycetes

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37
Q

This is the asexual reproduction of deuteromycetes

A

conidia

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38
Q

This is an infectious microbe consisting of a segment of nucleic acid (either RNA or DNA) surrounded by a protein coat. A virus cannot replicate alone; instead, it must infect cells and use components of the host cell to make copies of itself.

A

Virus

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39
Q

What is a Bacteria?

A

Living organism, unicellular, one cell
Larger (1000nm)
In Latin means, Little Sticks
Usually treated with antibiotics

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40
Q

What is a virus?

A

Not living, no cells
Smaller (20-300nm)
In Latin means, Poison
Antibiotics will not effect the disease

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41
Q

What are the types of Viruses?

A

Helical Viruses
Polyhedral Viruses
Spherical Viruses
Complex Viruses

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42
Q

This is a type of bacteria that looks like a tobacco mosaic virus, which infects a number of different types of plants, have a slinky shaped capsid that twists around and encloses its genetic material.

A

Helical Viruses

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43
Q

This is a type of bacteria that just like the adenoviruses, which are known to cause a range of illnesses from pink eye to pneumonia, are composed of genetic material surrounded by a many-sided capsid, usually with 20 triangular faces.

A

Polyhedral viruses

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44
Q

This is a type of bacteria just like the infamous coronavirus, are essentially helical viruses enclosed in a membrane known as an envelope, which is spiked with sugary proteins that assist in sticking to and entering host cells.

A

Spherical Viruses

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45
Q

This is a type of bacteria just like bacteriophages, which infect and kill bacteria, resemble a lunar lander, and are composed of a polyhedral “head” and a helical body (or “tail sheath”) and legs (or “tail fibers”) that attach to a cell membrane so that it can transfer its genetic material

A

Complex Viruses

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46
Q

Virus, They can be observed under the microscope

A

False, they cannot be observed under the microscope

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47
Q

Virus, They have internal cellular structure

A

False, they do not have internal cellular structure

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48
Q

Virus, They contain either DNA or RNA, but not both

A

True

49
Q

Virus, They are incapable of metabolism

A

True

50
Q

Viruses are smaller than bacteria

A

True

51
Q

They replicate only inside living cells

A

True

52
Q

Viruses lack cellular organelles, such as mitochondria and ribosomes

A

True

53
Q

This is a part of the virus that is an irregularly shaped region within the prokaryotic cell that contains all or most of the genetic material. It may be linear or circular with various degrees of coiling. The nucleic acid is either DNA or RNA but never both.

A

The Nucleoid

54
Q

This is a part of the virus that are large macromolecular structures which serve as protein coat of virus and protect viral genetic material and aids in its transfer between host cells.

A

Capsid or protein shell

55
Q

This is a part of the virus that surrounds the entire capsid and contains proteins that are specified by the virus, which often help viral particles bind to host cells. Although envelopes are common, especially among animal viruses, they are not found in every virus in contrast to enveloped viruses, the viruses without an envelope are called naked

A

Virus Envelopes

56
Q

This is a viral infection wherein the virus recognizes and binds to a host cell via a receptor molecule on the cell surface.

A

Attachment

57
Q

This is a viral infection wherein the virus or its genetic material enters the cell.

A

Entry

58
Q

This is a viral infection wherein the viral genome is copied and its genes are expressed to make viral proteins.

A

Genome replication and gene expression

59
Q

This is a viral infection wherein new viral particles are assembled from the genome copies and viral proteins.

A

Assembly

60
Q

This is a viral infection wherein the completed viral particles exit the cell and can infect other cells.

A

Release

61
Q

This involves the virus assimilating its genome with the host cell’s genome to achieve replication without killing the host.

A

The lysogenic cycle, or non-virulent infection

62
Q

This is mostly double-stranded, higher mutation rate, DNA replication usually takes place in the nucleus, stable, injects genetic code in the host DNA for duplication and decoding.

A

DNA Virus

63
Q

This is mostly single-stranded, RNA replication usually takes place in the cytoplasm, unstable, skips duplication and decoding

A

RNA Virus

64
Q

What is HHAPPPy?

A

Herpes
Hepadna
Adeno
Parvo
Papova
Pox

65
Q

These three are enveloped

A

Herpes, Pox, Hepadna

66
Q

These three are naked

A

Papova, Adeno, Parvo

67
Q

Positive Stranded RNA Viruses

A

Retailors = Retroviruses
Hippie = Hepeviruses
Together = Togaviruses
Flavored = Flaviruses
Corona = Coronaviruses
California = Caliciviruses
Pickle = Picornaviruses

68
Q

Negative Stranded RNA Viruses

A

Are = Arenaviruses
Born = Bunyaviruses
F = Filoviruses
O = Orthomyxoviruses
R = Rhabdoviruses
Playing = Paramyxoviruses
Deltaforce = Deltavirus

69
Q

This is the study of the connection between organisms and their living and non-living environments.

A

Ecology

70
Q

What are the major parts of the earth’s life support?

A

Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere

71
Q

This is a thin envelope or membrane of air around the planet layer

A

Atmosphere

72
Q

This is the Earth’s crust and upper mantle; contains nonrenewable fossil fuels and minerals, and renewable soil chemicals (nutrients) needed for plant life.

A

Lithosphere

73
Q

This consists of the earth’s waters

A

Hydrosphere

74
Q

This is the portion of the Earth in which living (biotic) organisms exist and interact with one another and with their nonliving (abiotic) environment.

A

Biosphere

75
Q

Three Factors that sustain life on earth

A

One way flow of high-quality energy from the sun
Cycling of matter or nutrients through parts of the biosphere
Gravity

76
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Atoms
Molecules
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ System
Organisms
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

or

Atoms
molecules
cell
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

77
Q

Living Organisms, such as Fungi, Bacteria, Archaea, Animals, Protists and plants are called______________

A

Biotic Factors

78
Q

Nonliving organisms, such as, Air, Salinity, Soil, Temperature, Light, Water, Minerals, pH, and Humidity

A

Abiotic Factors

79
Q

It is an anabolic process
It occurs only in plants with green pigments
Light is essential
The cell organelle necessary is chloroplast
The glucose is end product

A

Photosynthesis

80
Q

It is a Catabolic Process

A

Respiration

81
Q

This refers to the short-term changes in the atmosphere

A

Weather

82
Q

This is a linear sequence of organisms where nutrients and energy is transferred from one organism to another

A

Food Chain

83
Q

This is the green plants in the ecosystem that are known as ______________

A

Producer

84
Q

If the animals eat other animals which in turn eat the plants, they are called ___________________

A

Secondary Consumers

85
Q

If the animal feeds on the producers, the plants are called ______________

A

Primary Consumers

86
Q

The animal at the highest level of the food chain which eats other animals is known as ______________________

A

Tertiary Consumers

87
Q

Ecological Relationship, wherein both organisms benefit with one another (+, +)

A

Mutualism (Symbiosis)

88
Q

Ecological Relationship, wherein the other is benefited while the other is harmed nor harmed (+, -)

A

Parasitism

89
Q

Ecological Relationship, wherein the other is benefited (predator) while the other is the prey(+, -)

A

Predation

90
Q

Ecological Relationship, wherein the other is benefited while the other is not nor harmed (+, 0)

A

Commensalism

91
Q

Ecological Relationship, wherein they both fight for survival (+/-)

A

Competition

92
Q

has fair amounts of rain throughout the year

A

Tropical Rainforests

93
Q

Seasonal Climate

A

Tropical Day Forests

94
Q

Seasonal drought, intense lightning

A

Tropical Savanna

95
Q

Hot Climate

A

Deserts

96
Q

Cool Climate

A

Evergreen Forests

97
Q

Wetter than deserts but with occasional droughts

A

Prairies

98
Q

Receive winter precipitation

A

Red-wood forests

99
Q

Winter longer than 6 months

A

Taiga

100
Q

Cold and Dry

A

Tundra

101
Q

Sufficient light; warm waters; water movements deliver food and energy

A

Coral Reefs

102
Q

Variable temperature tidal movements move organisms

A

Man-Grove Forests

103
Q

light limited by particulate solids; temperature tracks air temperature

A

Rivers

104
Q

Light absorption depends on chemistry

A

Lakes

105
Q

This is the biological and chemical processes such as energy flow and matter recycling needed for the survival of species, communities, and ecosystems.

A

Functional Diversity

106
Q

This is the variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area or on the earth

A

Ecological Diversity

107
Q

This is the variety of genetic material within a species or a population

A

Genetic Diversity

108
Q

The number and abundance of species present in different communities

A

Species Diversity

109
Q

This comprised of a habitat in which organism lives, the organism’s activity pattern: the periods of time during which it is active, the resources it obtains for habitat

A

Niche

110
Q

What are the five major roles within ecosystems?

A

Native Species
Nonnative Species
Indicator Species
Keystone Species
Foundation Species

111
Q

Normally live and thrive in a particular area

A

Native Species

112
Q

Invasive, alien, exotic introduced into an area not normally found

A

Nonnative Species

113
Q

Provide early warning signs of ecosystem damage

A

Indicator Species

114
Q

Roles have large effect on the types and abundance of other species

A

Keystone Species

115
Q

Play major role in shaping communities

A

Foundation Species

116
Q

This is the reduction of rainfall and loss of moisture from the landscape on the side of mountains facing away from prevailing surface winds.

A

The rain shadow effect

117
Q

What are the different biological Species?

A

Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Algae
Protozoa
Viruses

118
Q

Complete virus Particle

A

Virion

Final Exams in Biology (2 decks)

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