Biology Lab Quiz #6 - Classification

Question 1

Define taxonomy.

Answer 1

The act of identifying, naming, and classifying species.

Question 2

Who is the “Father of Taxonomy”? (Loosely)

Answer 2

Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 3

What is a taxonomic hierarchy?

Answer 3

A description of organisms in an ordered sequence of progressively smaller categories.

Question 4

List the order of taxonomic classification from broadest to most specific.

Answer 4

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species

Question 5

What are the three domains in the Three-Domain system of classification?

Answer 5

1) Bacteria
2) Archaea
3) Eukaryotes

Question 6

What are the Three Main Kingdoms besides the Protists?

Answer 6

1) Kingdom Fungi
2) Kingdom Plantae
3) Kingdom Animalia

Question 7

List the taxonomic hierarchy for a tiger.

Answer 7

1) Domain: Eukarya
2) Kingdom: Animalia
3) Phylum: Chordata
4) Class: Mammalia
5) Order: Carnivora
6) Family: Felidae
7) Genus: Panthera
8: Species: Panthera Tigris

Question 8

Define phylogenetics.

Answer 8

The study of evolutionary history through common ancestry and phylogenies.

Question 9

What are phylogenies?

Answer 9

Evolutionary trees or Cladograms.

Question 10

What is Cladistics?

Answer 10

A new method for examining phylogenetic relationships based on branching evolution being the primary mode of descent with modification. Seeks to describe monophyletic groups

Question 11

Define cladogenesis.

Answer 11

The belief that branching evolution was the prominent mode of descent with modification.

Question 12

Define monophyletic groups.

Answer 12

Groups which consist of a single taxon and all of its descendants

Question 13

What are the main traits of a cladogram?

Answer 13

The branching species are not labeled and the branch lengths are not indicative of anything in particular.

Question 14

Define characters.

Answer 14

The discrete, observable features of organisms.

Question 15

What are character states?

Answer 15

The different forms or appearances of a character.

Question 16

What is a character matrix?

Answer 16

A table detailing the character states for multiple organisms.

Question 17

What are the technical terms for primitive and derived traits?

Answer 17

1) Primitive - Plesiomorphic

2) Derived - Apomorphic

Question 18

What is a synapomorphy?

Answer 18

A shared, derived characteristic.

Question 19

What is a symplesiomorphy?

Answer 19

A shared, primitive character.

Question 20

What is an outgroup and an ingroup?

Answer 20

Outgroup - A closely related taxon not within the group in question.
Ingroup - The group in question.

Question 21

What are analogous traits?

Answer 21

The result of convergent evolution to bring a similar feature to different species with no common ancestor.

Question 22

What is a secondarily lost trait?

Answer 22

Where a descendant from a common ancestor loses one of the traits of the ancestor.

Question 23

What is a nested hierarchy?

Answer 23

A branching tree with common ancestor.

Question 24

What is baraminology?

Answer 24

The study of created kinds based on morphological information and the text of Scripture.