Biology Lab 154 final Flashcards by Lee White

Phylum Porifera

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Cnidaria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Platyhelminthes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Nematoda

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Annelida

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Mollusca

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Arthropoda

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phylum Echinodermata

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a fruit?

Botanically, a fruit is a ripened ovary and its contents.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In a fruit, the tissue on the wall where the seeds are attached is called the…

Placenta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is fleshy when mature, derived from a single ovary, and multiseeded. What is this?

a Berry.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an example of a Simple Fruit? And what is this simple fruit type called?

Green Peppers, which is an example of a simple fruit type called a berry.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the difference between a Simple Fruit and a Compound Fruit?

Simple: has 1 pistil..
Fleshy
Dry
Dehiscent
Indehiscent

Compound: More than 1 pistil.
Aggregate
Multiple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is an example of a Fleshy, simple fruit?

Pome: Apples.
Drupe: Cherry, Peach, Coconut, Pecan…
Berry: Tomato, Bell Pepper.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name an example of a Dry, simple fruit.

Capsule: Cottonwood, sweetgum

Legume: Pease, Beans

Follicle: Magnolia Cone is aggregate.

Caryopsis: Corn

Achene: Sunflower “seed”

Samara: Red Maple

Nut: Acorn, Hazelnut

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name examples of a Aggregate, compund fruit.

Strawberry aggregate of achenes

Blackberry aggregate of drupes.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Give examples of a Multiple, compound fruit.

Pineapple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

. Parts other than ovary. Swell and ripen to protect seed.
What is this?

Accessory fruits

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the differences between Aggregate and Multiple fruits? Give examples!

Aggregate: 1 flower with multiple Pistils.
(Example: Strawberry aggregate of achenes.
Blackberry Aggregate of Drupes.)

Multiple: More than 1 flower.
(Example: Pineapple)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the differences between Fleshy and Dry Fruits?
Give examples!

Fleshy: Succuent at maturity.

Dry: At maturity.
(Example: Capsule, Legume, Follicle, Caryopsis, Achene, Samara, Nut)

(example: Pome, Drupe, Berry)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1 seed, succulent outer wall, bony inner wall.

Drupe

(Example: cherry, peach, coconut, pecan, avacodo)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Outer Wall fleshy, multiple seeds, inner wall papery

Pome

(example: apples)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Several seeds in a pulpy mass.

Berry

(example: tomato, bell pepper)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Has 2 splits.

Legume | (Example: peas, beans)

Winged achene (winged fruit)

Samara | (Example: Red Maple)

One seed bony or leathery exterior.

Nut | (example: Acorn, hazelnut)

Fruits are usually achenes, follicles, capsules, pomes, drupes, or druplets. The hypanthium may fuse to the ovary wall and enlarge to produce a fruit. This Fruit may only contain a single seed.

_Rosaceae_

Fruits are usually a berry or capsule and the seeds are often flattened.

_Solanaceae_

Highly specialized epidermal cells ocurring in pairs to form tiny openings called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

_Stomata_

These are also used for gas exchange with the environment, which is essential for photosynthesis.

_Stomata_

The evaporation of water from plants is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

_Transpiration_

What stimulates the stomata to open and close?

_Guard cells_ when they become filled with water causing them to bow apart.

This is the outer surface of the leaf, which is covered by protective outer layer of tissue.

The _Epidermis_

Photosynthetic parenchyma cells make up the majority of the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. In many plants, this is divided into two distinct layers.

The _Mesophyll_

The upper layer of the Mesophyll is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. The lower layer of the Mesophyll is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

Upper layer: _Palisade Parenchyma_. Lower Layer: _Spongy Parenchyma_.

This is a waxy layer that retards water loss and is found in epidermal cells.

The _Cuticle_

Which Epidermis has a thicker cuticle?

The upper epidermis has a thicker cuticle than the lower epidermis.

What's the difference bettwen simple leaves and compound leaves?

Simple Leaves: Have a single blade. Compound Leaf: Made up of several blades arranged on a petiole.

What kind of leaf is this?

_Simple Leaf_

What kind of leaf is this?

_Compound Leaf_

What kind of leaf is this?

_Alternate Leaf_ (Spiral)

What kind of leaf is this?

_Opposite Leaf_

What kind of leaf is this?

_Whorled Leaf_

What leaf is this?

_Palmate Leaf_

What leaf is this?

Pinnate Leaf

What kind of leaf is this?

Parallel Leaf

What are the two parts of Species Diversity?

_Species Richness_ + _Relative Abundance_

A measure of how many different kind of species are present.

Species Richness

A measure of how many indiciduals of each species we see.

Relative Abundance (Species Abundance)

How many Animal Phyla are there?

There are 33 different Animal Phyla

How many phlya contain vertebrates? How many Phyla contain invertebrate?

There is _only 1_ animal phyla that contain **Vertebrates**. There are _32_ animal phyla that contain **invertebrates**.

This Phylum contains the sponges. These are mainly marine. They have a simple body plan with no true tissues or organs. They are often considered to be more a collection of aggregated cells rather than truly mechanisms.

_Phylum Porifera_

This phylum contains many marine animals including corals, jellyfish, and sea memones. They have two true tissue layers, with a jelly-like layer in between. This phylum is characterized by the presence of cnidocytes, which are specialized stinging cells.

Phylum Cnidaria

This phlum contains flatworms. Have three true tissue layers, and have bilateral symmetry and a true head and tail.

Phylum Platyhelminthes

This phylum contains the roundworms. Most are small and free-living worms, but some are parasitic. Himans are susceptible to a number of these parasites including pinworms, intestinal roundworms, and Trichinella.

Phylum Nematoda

This Phylum are the segmented worms. The Segmented body of these allow improved locomotion over unsegmented worms.

Phylum Annelida

This phylum contain soft-bodied animals with shells. This Phylum includes upwards of 100,000 species including clams, oysters, snails, sludgs, octopuses and squids. They are characterized by a muscular foot for locomotion, a mantle, and a sharp feeding organ knows as a radula. The foot has been modified into arms and tentacles in some of these.

Phylum Mollusca

This means "Spiny Skin." Members of this phylum have an internal skeleton, and they have a water vascular system used in locomotion, feeding and circulation. These include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumers and brittle stars.

Phylum Echinodermata

This phylum is the largest phylum of animals and includes spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, shrimp, crabs, and insects. Has jointed appendages. Bodies of these are segmented. The External skeleton, or exoskeleton, of these are made of chitin.

Phylum Arthropoda

All vertebrate animals, as well as some invertebrates are classified as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Phylum Chordata

Basic characteristics of _________ include the presence of a Notochord, being hollow, dorsal nerve cord, a post anal tail, and a pharyngeal slit.

Phylum Chordata

These are the earliest vertebrates, which were fish that lacked jaws. This group includes hagfish and lampreys.

The Jawless Fishes

These are the cartilaginous fish. Members of this group have a skelton made entirely of cartilage. The cartilaginous fish include sharks, skates, and rays.

Class Chondrichthyes

These bony fish are characterized by thin, flexible fins, as well as a swim bladder to help maintain buoyancy. These include goldfish, trout, catfish, perch, seahorses, and tuna.

Ray-finned Fishes

These fishes are characterized by lungs and by fleshy fins that can be used to "walk" along the bottom underwater.

Lobe-Finned Fishes and Lungfishes

These include salamanders, caecilians and frogs. Although most are adapted to life on land, few have the ability to be completely independent of aquatic habitats. The skin of these are permeable to water, and they are therefore highly susceptible to dehydration.

Class Amphibia

Along with birds and mammals, are amniotes. Their embryos are surrounded by amnion. These include turtles and tortoises, lizards and snakes, and alligators and crocodiles. Also inlude Dinosaurs.

Reptiles

Have traditionally been separated into the Class Aves. Are characterized by feathers and by hollow bones adapted for flight.

Birds

Including hair, sweat glands, and mammary glands. Most give birth to live young, although there are three species of egg-laying mammals. Inlude humans.

Class Mammalia

What class are frogs in?

Class Amphibia

How do you know if a Frog is male or female?

The male frog has Testis. The Female frog has ovaries