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Biology Lab 154 final > Biology Lab 154 final > Flashcards

Biology Lab 154 final Flashcards

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1
Q
A

Phylum Porifera

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2
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Phylum Cnidaria

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3
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Phylum Platyhelminthes

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4
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Phylum Nematoda

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5
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Phylum Annelida

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6
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Phylum Mollusca

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7
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Phylum Arthropoda

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8
Q
A

Phylum Echinodermata

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9
Q

What is a fruit?

A

Botanically, a fruit is a ripened ovary and its contents.

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10
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11
Q

In a fruit, the tissue on the wall where the seeds are attached is called the…

A

Placenta

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12
Q

This is fleshy when mature, derived from a single ovary, and multiseeded. What is this?

A

a Berry.

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13
Q

What is an example of a Simple Fruit? And what is this simple fruit type called?

A

Green Peppers, which is an example of a simple fruit type called a berry.

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14
Q

What is the difference between a Simple Fruit and a Compound Fruit?

A

Simple: has 1 pistil..
Fleshy
Dry
Dehiscent
Indehiscent

Compound: More than 1 pistil.
Aggregate
Multiple

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15
Q

What is an example of a Fleshy, simple fruit?

A

Pome: Apples.
Drupe: Cherry, Peach, Coconut, Pecan…
Berry: Tomato, Bell Pepper.

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16
Q

Name an example of a Dry, simple fruit.

A

Capsule: Cottonwood, sweetgum

Legume: Pease, Beans

Follicle: Magnolia Cone is aggregate.

Caryopsis: Corn

Achene: Sunflower “seed”

Samara: Red Maple

Nut: Acorn, Hazelnut

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17
Q

Name examples of a Aggregate, compund fruit.

A

Strawberry aggregate of achenes

Blackberry aggregate of drupes.

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18
Q

Give examples of a Multiple, compound fruit.

A

Pineapple

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19
Q

. Parts other than ovary. Swell and ripen to protect seed.
What is this?

A

Accessory fruits

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20
Q

What are the differences between Aggregate and Multiple fruits? Give examples!

A

Aggregate: 1 flower with multiple Pistils.
(Example: Strawberry aggregate of achenes.
Blackberry Aggregate of Drupes.)

Multiple: More than 1 flower.
(Example: Pineapple)

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21
Q

What are the differences between Fleshy and Dry Fruits?
Give examples!

A

Fleshy: Succuent at maturity.

Dry: At maturity.
(Example: Capsule, Legume, Follicle, Caryopsis, Achene, Samara, Nut)

(example: Pome, Drupe, Berry)

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22
Q

1 seed, succulent outer wall, bony inner wall.

A

Drupe

(Example: cherry, peach, coconut, pecan, avacodo)

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23
Q

Outer Wall fleshy, multiple seeds, inner wall papery

A

Pome

(example: apples)

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24
Q

Several seeds in a pulpy mass.

A

Berry

(example: tomato, bell pepper)

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25
Q

Has 2 splits.

A

Legume

(Example: peas, beans)

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26
Q

Winged achene (winged fruit)

A

Samara

(Example: Red Maple)

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27
Q

One seed bony or leathery exterior.

A

Nut

(example: Acorn, hazelnut)

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28
Q

Fruits are usually achenes, follicles, capsules, pomes, drupes, or druplets. The hypanthium may fuse to the ovary wall and enlarge to produce a fruit. This Fruit may only contain a single seed.

A

Rosaceae

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29
Q

Fruits are usually a berry or capsule and the seeds are often flattened.

A

Solanaceae

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30
Q

Highly specialized epidermal cells ocurring in pairs to form tiny openings called ________.

A

Stomata

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31
Q

These are also used for gas exchange with the environment, which is essential for photosynthesis.

A

Stomata

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32
Q

The evaporation of water from plants is called ________

A

Transpiration

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33
Q

What stimulates the stomata to open and close?

A

Guard cells when they become filled with water causing them to bow apart.

34
Q

This is the outer surface of the leaf, which is covered by protective outer layer of tissue.

A

The Epidermis

35
Q

Photosynthetic parenchyma cells make up the majority of the _________. In many plants, this is divided into two distinct layers.

A

The Mesophyll

36
Q

The upper layer of the Mesophyll is the _______.
The lower layer of the Mesophyll is the ___________.

A

Upper layer: Palisade Parenchyma.

Lower Layer: Spongy Parenchyma.

37
Q

This is a waxy layer that retards water loss and is found in epidermal cells.

A

The Cuticle

38
Q

Which Epidermis has a thicker cuticle?

A

The upper epidermis has a thicker cuticle than the lower epidermis.

39
Q

What’s the difference bettwen simple leaves and compound leaves?

A

Simple Leaves: Have a single blade.

Compound Leaf: Made up of several blades arranged on a petiole.

40
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Simple Leaf

41
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Compound Leaf

42
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Alternate Leaf (Spiral)

43
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Opposite Leaf

44
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Whorled Leaf

45
Q

What leaf is this?

A

Palmate Leaf

46
Q

What leaf is this?

A

Pinnate Leaf

47
Q

What kind of leaf is this?

A

Parallel Leaf

48
Q

What are the two parts of Species Diversity?

A

Species Richness + Relative Abundance

49
Q

A measure of how many different kind of species are present.

A

Species Richness

50
Q

A measure of how many indiciduals of each species we see.

A

Relative Abundance (Species Abundance)

51
Q

How many Animal Phyla are there?

A

There are 33 different Animal Phyla

52
Q

How many phlya contain vertebrates?
How many Phyla contain invertebrate?

A

There is only 1 animal phyla that contain Vertebrates.

There are 32 animal phyla that contain invertebrates.

53
Q

This Phylum contains the sponges. These are mainly marine. They have a simple body plan with no true tissues or organs. They are often considered to be more a collection of aggregated cells rather than truly mechanisms.

A

Phylum Porifera

54
Q

This phylum contains many marine animals including corals, jellyfish, and sea memones. They have two true tissue layers, with a jelly-like layer in between. This phylum is characterized by the presence of cnidocytes, which are specialized stinging cells.

A

Phylum Cnidaria

55
Q

This phlum contains flatworms. Have three true tissue layers, and have bilateral symmetry and a true head and tail.

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

56
Q

This phylum contains the roundworms. Most are small and free-living worms, but some are parasitic. Himans are susceptible to a number of these parasites including pinworms, intestinal roundworms, and Trichinella.

A

Phylum Nematoda

57
Q

This Phylum are the segmented worms. The Segmented body of these allow improved locomotion over unsegmented worms.

A

Phylum Annelida

58
Q

This phylum contain soft-bodied animals with shells. This Phylum includes upwards of 100,000 species including clams, oysters, snails, sludgs, octopuses and squids. They are characterized by a muscular foot for locomotion, a mantle, and a sharp feeding organ knows as a radula. The foot has been modified into arms and tentacles in some of these.

A

Phylum Mollusca

59
Q

This means “Spiny Skin.” Members of this phylum have an internal skeleton, and they have a water vascular system used in locomotion, feeding and circulation. These include sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumers and brittle stars.

A

Phylum Echinodermata

60
Q

This phylum is the largest phylum of animals and includes spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, centipedes, millipedes, shrimp, crabs, and insects. Has jointed appendages. Bodies of these are segmented. The External skeleton, or exoskeleton, of these are made of chitin.

A

Phylum Arthropoda

61
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A
62
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A
63
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A
64
Q

All vertebrate animals, as well as some invertebrates are classified as __________

A

Phylum Chordata

65
Q

Basic characteristics of _________ include the presence of a Notochord, being hollow, dorsal nerve cord, a post anal tail, and a pharyngeal slit.

A

Phylum Chordata

66
Q

These are the earliest vertebrates, which were fish that lacked jaws. This group includes hagfish and lampreys.

A

The Jawless Fishes

67
Q

These are the cartilaginous fish. Members of this group have a skelton made entirely of cartilage. The cartilaginous fish include sharks, skates, and rays.

A

Class Chondrichthyes

68
Q

These bony fish are characterized by thin, flexible fins, as well as a swim bladder to help maintain buoyancy. These include goldfish, trout, catfish, perch, seahorses, and tuna.

A

Ray-finned Fishes

69
Q

These fishes are characterized by lungs and by fleshy fins that can be used to “walk” along the bottom underwater.

A

Lobe-Finned Fishes and Lungfishes

70
Q

These include salamanders, caecilians and frogs. Although most are adapted to life on land, few have the ability to be completely independent of aquatic habitats. The skin of these are permeable to water, and they are therefore highly susceptible to dehydration.

A

Class Amphibia

71
Q

Along with birds and mammals, are amniotes. Their embryos are surrounded by amnion. These include turtles and tortoises, lizards and snakes, and alligators and crocodiles. Also inlude Dinosaurs.

A

Reptiles

72
Q

Have traditionally been separated into the Class Aves. Are characterized by feathers and by hollow bones adapted for flight.

A

Birds

73
Q

Including hair, sweat glands, and mammary glands. Most give birth to live young, although there are three species of egg-laying mammals. Inlude humans.

A

Class Mammalia

74
Q

What class are frogs in?

A

Class Amphibia

75
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A
76
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77
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78
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79
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80
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81
Q
A
82
Q

How do you know if a Frog is male or female?

A

The male frog has Testis. The Female frog has ovaries

Biology Lab 154 final (1 decks)

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