biology knowledge questions Flashcards
what are the four components of blood
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma
name one substance carried by plasma
any from: carbon dioxide, urea, amino acids, hormones
what is the function of platelets
to clot the blood
name on adaptation of red blood cells
biconcave shape (increased surface area)
no nucleus (more space for oxygen) contains haemoglobin (binds to oxygen)
name the three blood vessels
arteries,veins and capillaries
which blood vessel takes blood back to the heart?
veins
name the main artery leaving the heart
aorta
name the blood vessel they carried blood to the lungs
pulmonary artery
name an adaptation of veins
contains valves (prevent back flow)
name an adaptation of arteries
thick walls (withstand pressure)
name the two types of chambers in the heart
atrium and ventricles
what group of cells control the resting heart rate
pacemaker
what procedure is commonly used for coronary heart disease
stent
what drug is used to reduce cholesterol levels
statins
what is a disadvantage of artificial hearts
risk of blood clots
how are the alveoli adapted for gas exchange
large surface area, thin walls, good blood supply
what is the function of the xylem tissue
to transport water from roots to leaves
what is the function of the phloem tissue
to transport sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant
what is the name given to the movement of sugars in a plant
translocation
where is the water lost from in a leaf
stomata
what cells control water loss from a plant
guard cells
what is the name given to the process of water loss from the leaves
evaporation
what factors affect transpiration
humidity, temperature, light intensity and air movement
what is the name given to the movement of water through a plant
transpiration
